MORPHOSTRUCTURAL-HYDROGEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FORMATION CONDITIONS AND LOCALIZATION OF FRESH GROUNDWATER DEPOSITS IN THE UPPER HYDRODYNAMIC ZONE IRKUTSK ARTESIAN BASIN

The key role of recent tectonics in the redistribution of the fresh groundwater resource base in the intensive water exchange zone is revealed. New approaches to the study of the conditions of formation and accumulation of groundwater in the upper hydrodynamic zone, as well as the assessment of their reserves and formation sources, were implemented through the integration of geomorphological and structural-hydrogeological criteria of water cut. A methodology is scientifically substantiated and hydrogeological criteria for searching for areas with localized fresh groundwater reserves in large depressions and elevations of the relief are developed. Based on a comprehensive hydrogeological and morphostructural analysis of the Irkutsk artesian basin of the second order (taking into account explored and evaluated deposits of fresh groundwater), the territory is detailed according to flow conditions, and high-performance collectors of the enclosing reservoirs are mapped (high filtration and transmissibility coefficients, renewable fresh groundwater reserves due to attracted resources – overflow from surface watercourses and reservoirs and natural resources – infiltration of atmospheric precipitation). The author outlines typical schemes of the formation of fresh groundwater deposits in the study area. Each scheme corresponds to deposits based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics, lithological and petrographic composition of water-bearing rocks, reservoir type and filtration indicators of production horizons, as well as the conditions of fresh groundwater formation. Deposits formed due to natural resources in positive direct and positive inverted morphostructures are distinguished. Based on the resources involved, deposits formed in positive direct, negative direct, and negative inverted morphostructures are distinguished. Within negative morphostructures (both direct and inverted), the production aquifers of fresh groundwater deposits are represented by pore-formation waters of loose Quaternary sediments. Within positive, straight morphostructures, fissure-formation and fissure-karst waters (outcrops of bedrock in which karst develops along fracture zones, forming a filtration field due to heterogeneous fracturing) of Jurassic and Paleozoic deposits are formed. Within positive, inverted morphostructures, fissure-formation waters of Jurassic deposits are formed.

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