MONITORING OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN LISTVYANKA SETTLEMENT (SOUTHWEST COAST OF LAKE BAIKAL)

A systematic monitoring of the hydrosphere is important and necessary to maintain a good ecological status of Lake Baikal. The article presents the results of a five-year monitoring of the groundwater and surface waters quality in Listvyanka settlement. The goal is to determine the contamination level of drinking water supply system. In the field studies, portable measurement devices were used for monitoring temperature, pH, Eh, electrical water conductivity and water levels in wells, and water samples were taken for a complete chemical analysis. The analysis of the macrocomponent composition of water was carried out by various methods (flame photometry, volumetric titration, weight method, colorimetry) at the Center for Geodynamics and Geochronology of the Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS (Irkutsk); the trace element composition was determined by the ICP MS method on the Element-2 device (Finnigan MAT, Germany) at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS (Irkutsk); microbiological analysis of water samples was performed at the Irkutsk Interregional Veterinary Laboratory; the analysis of isotope characteristics (δ 18O and δD) of water samples was performed in the Laboratory of Hydrogeology of the Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS (Irkutsk) on a Picarro L2140-i gas analyzer.

The results obtained indicate a change in macrocomponent composition of waters and an uneven distribution of pollutants over the area. The content of 42 trace elements in groundwater and river waters generally does not exceed the regulatory requirements for drinking water; the exceptions are Fe and Mn. Ten wells do not meet the sanitary and epidemiological rules and norms SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. The main sources of groundwater pollution are leaking septic tanks of numerous hotel complexes located in the valleys and on the valley slopes. The processes of water pollution and restoration of natural regime of water are of different intensity. For groundwater and river waters, there were determined the relative concentrations of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (δD and δ18О), and δD=5.5307·δ18 O–31.815 relationship and the deuterium excess values were obtained. Characteristics δD and δ18 O are the bases of the isotope database for the aquatic environment of Listvyanka settlement.

1. Alekseev S.V., Alekseeva L.P., Alekseev V.R., Kononov A.M., Sholokhov P.A., 2016. Hydrogeological Conditions of Listvyanka Settlement. Geography and Natural Resources 6, 32–36 (in Russian) . DOI: 10.21782/GIPR0206-1619-2016-6(32-36).

2. Alekseeva L.P., Alekseev S.V., Sholokhov P.A., Orgiliyanov A.I., Kononov A.M., 2016. Ground and Surface Waters Quality in the Krestovaya Valley (Listvyanka Settlement). Geography and Natural Resources 6, 37–42 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21782/GIPR0206-1619-2016-6(37-42).

3. Chebunina N.S., Onishchuk N.A., Netsvetaeva O.G., Khodzher T.V., 2018. Dynamics of the Content of Mineral Forms of Nitrogen in Watercourses and Atmospheric Precipitation Listvyanka Settlement (South Baikal). The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University, Earth Sciences Series 24, 124–139 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2018.24.3.

4. Dansgaard W., 1964. Stable Isotopes in Precipitation. Tellus 16 (4), 436–468. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v16i4.8993.

5. Ekaikin A.A., 2016. Stable Isotopes of Water in Glaciology and Paleogeography: A Guidebook. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, 62 p. (in Russian)

6. Galazy G.I., Tarasova E.N., Lomonosov I.S., Sudakova N.D., Prokhovnik L.D., 2000. Sulfates as an Indicator of the BPPM Wastewaters in Lake Baikal. Water. In: Ecology and Technology. EcwaTech-2000. Collection of Abstracts of the Fourth International Congress (May 30 – June 2, 2000). Moscow, p. 617–618 (in Russian).

7. GOST 2874-82. Drinking Water. Hygienic Requirements and Quality Control, 1997. Moscow, 10 p. (in Russian)

8. Grebenshchikova V.I., Lustenberg E.E., Kitaev N.A., Lomonosov I.S., 2008. Environmental Geochemistry of Pribaikalye (Baikal Geoecological Test Site). GEO, Novosibirsk, 234 p. (in Russian)

9. IAEA Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation, 2022. GNIP Database.

10. Kitaev N.A., Grebenshchikova V.I., Romanov V.A., Koveshnikov A.M., 1998. Distribution and Concentration Ratios of Gold in Rocks, Soils and Bottom Sediments of Pribaikalye. Russian Geology and Geophysics 39 (4), 457–468 (in Russian)

11. Koval P.V., Grebenshchikova V.I., Kitaev N.A., Koveshnikov A.M., Lustenberg E.E., Romanov V.A., Falileev A.N., 2000. Environmental Geochemistry of Pribaikalye. Russian Geology and Geophysics 41 (4), 571–577 (in Russian)

12. Koval P.V., Kitaev N.A., Vilyams D.F., Grebenshchikova V.I., Romanov V.A., 1993. The Isotopic Composition of Carbon in Soils and Bottom Sediments of River Valleys in Pribaikalye. Russian Geology and Geophysics 34(10–11), 217–225 (in Russian)

13. Koval P.V., Kuzmin M.I., 1994. The 1:1000000 Scale Multipurpose Geochemical Mapping (MGCHM-1000) as a Basis of Fundamental and Applied Regional Geochemical Studies (Baikal Geoecological Test Site). Abstracts of the IV Joint International Symposium on the Problems of Applied Geochemistry, Dedicated to the Memory of Academician L.V. Tauson. Vol .2. LISNA, Irkutsk, p. 117–118 (in Russian).

14. Koval P.V., Udodov Yu.N., Andrulaitis L.D., Gapon A.E., Sklyarova O.A., Chernigova S.E., 2004. The Chemical Composition of Surface Runoff into Lake Baikal and Probable Causes of Its Variation. In: The Current State of the Mountain-Surface and Underground-Mountain Hydrosphere. Mountain Ecosystems and Interiors. Proceedings of the First International Symposium. Nauka, Novosibirsk, p. 198–211 (in Russian)

15. Lomonosov I.S., Myasnikov A.A., Medvedev V.I., Korshunov L.G., 2002. The Efficiency of Geochemical Surveys of Pribaikalye and Transbaikalia. In: Applied Geochemistry. Iss. 3. IMGRE, Moscow, p. 570–591 (in Russian)

16. Lomonosov I.S., Yanovsky L.M., Myasnikov A.A., Medvedev V.I., 2001. A Regional Ecological-Geochemical Mapping of Surface Waters in Pribaikalye (by the Example of Fluorine and Uranium). In: Applied Geochemistry. Iss. 2. IMGRE, Moscow, p. 253–268 (in Russian)

17. Naprasnikova E.V., Vorobyova I.B., Vlasova N.V., Zakharova Yu.R., 2007. Sanitary and Ecological Assessment of Water in Wells on the Baikal Coast (Listvyanka Settlement). The Siberian Scientific Medical Journal 8, 63–65 (in Russian)

18. Netsvetaeva O.G., Chipanina E.V., Obolkin V.A., Zimnik E.A., Sez’ko N.P., Lopatina I.N., Khodzher T.V., 2013. Peculiarities of Chemistry of Atmospheric Precipitations at Stations Listvyanka (Irkutsk Region) and Primorskaya (Primorye Territory). Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 26 (6), 466–471 (in Russian)

19. Obolkin V.A., Netsvetaeva O.G., Golobokova L.P., Potemkin V.L., Zimnik E.A., Filippova U.G., Khodzher T.V., 2013. Results of Long-Term Investigations on Acid Deposition in the Area of South Baikal. Geography and Natural Resources 34 (2), 151–157 (in Russian).

20. Pampura V.D., Sandimirov I.V., Lomonosov I.S., Gapon A.E., Ulybusheva E.I., Arsentyeva A.G., Popovskaya G.I., 1995. Geochemistry and Formation of the Uranium and Thorium Isotopic Composition in the Surface Waters of Lake Baikal Basin. Geochemistry International 12, 1800–1812 (in Russian)

21. SanPiN 1.2.3685-21, 2021. Hygienic Standards and Requirements for Ensuring the Safety and (or) Harmlessness of Environmental Factors for Humans. Moscow, 975 p. (in Russian)

22. SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01, 2002. Drinking Water. Hygienic Requirements for the Quality of Water from Centralized Drinking Water Supply Systems. Quality Control. Hygienic Requirements for Ensuring the Safety of Hot Water Supply Systems. Moscow, 59 p. (in Russian)

23. Shenkman B.M., 1990. Groundwater Background Pollution in Priangarye and Pribaikalye. In: Geochemistry of Technogenous Processes. Nauka, Moscow, p. 155–175 (in Russian)

24. Shpeizer G.M., Dedova L.I., Dyuberg V.M., Evsyutin A.G., Zhucheva T.V., Kuimova L.P., Lobkova L.I., Lomonosov I.S. et al., 1999. Monitoring of the Angara River Ecology and Water Quality. In: The State of the Angara River and Water Resources and Quality Management Methods. Proceedings of the First Scientific and Methodological Seminar (October 8–9, 1998, Irkutsk). Moscow Public Science Foundation, Moscow, p. 49–64 (in Russian)