ВОЛГО-ДОНСКОЙ КОЛЛИЗИОННЫЙ ОРОГЕН ВОСТОЧНО-ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО КРАТОНА КАК ПАЛЕОПРОТЕРОЗОЙСКИЙ АНАЛОГ ГИМАЛАЙ-ТИБЕТСКОГО ОРОГЕНА

Волго-Донской складчато-надвиговый пояс, возникший около 2.0 млрд лет тому назад, занимает площадь около 300000 км2 (~500 км в ширину и ~600 км в длину) и располагается между архейскими протократонными Сарматским и Волго-Уральским блоками Восточно-Европейского кратона, которые подстилаются мощными, 200‒300 км, сублитосферными мантийными килями. Целью настоящей статьи является выяснение природы его происхождения, для того чтобы ответить на фундаментальный вопрос о том, как этот и другие складчато-надвиговые пояса могли формироваться в палеопротерозое и был ли стиль орогенеза того времени схожим с таковым современных коллизионных орогенов или отличным от него. В качестве тектонотипа коллизионной геодинамики принято рассматривать хорошо изученный дивергентный Гималайско-Тибетский орогенический пояс, особенности развития которого, как правило, служат основой для расшифровки орогенических процессов в геологической истории Земли. Однако для раннего докембрия широко распространены представления о том, что орогенические процессы того времени должны были сильно отличаться от современного орогенеза вследствие высокого геотермического градиента в коре, обусловленного повышенной радиоактивной теплогенерацией.

В статье авторы детально рассматривают глубинную тектонику палеопротерозойского Волго-Донского орогена, реконструкция которого свидетельствует о том, что он представляет собой слабо эродированную орогеническую постройку дивергентной архитектуры; она сложена преимущественно ювенильными метаосадками, фазы ее развития сопоставляются с историей становления Гималайско-Тибетского коллизионного орогена, но не согласуются с представлениями о «горячем/ультрагорячем» стиле орогенеза в раннем докембрии, базирующимися, прежде всего, на результатах численного моделирования.

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