gtcrustГеодинамика и тектонофизикаGeodynamics & Tectonophysics2078-502XInstitute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch10.5800/GT-2010-1-1-0004gtcrust-95Research ArticleТЕКТОНОФИЗИКАTECTONOPHYSICSЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ТЕПЛОВЫХ И ДЕФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ПОЛЕЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ ЭШЕЛОНИРОВАННЫХ РАЗЛОМОВ И ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL AND STRAIN FIELDS DURING DEFORMATION OF EN ENCHELON FAULTS AND ITS GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONSЦзиньМаJinMa

100029, Пекин

100029, Beijing

ШаопхенМаShaopengMa

100081, Пекин

100081, Beijing

ЛицъяньЛюLiqiangLiu

100029, Пекин

100029, Beijing

ПхейксанЛюPeixunLiu

100029, Пекин

100029, Beijing

Институт геологии, Китайская администрация по изучению землетрясенийКитайInstitute of Geology, China Earthquake AdministrationChinaПекинский институт технологииКитайBeijing Institute of TechnologyChina201012092015112435Copyright © Цзинь М., Шаопхен М., Лицъянь Л., Пхейксан Л., 20152015Цзинь М., Шаопхен М., Лицъянь Л., Пхейксан Л.Jin M., Shaopeng M., Liqiang L., Peixun L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/95

В статье представлены результаты экспериментального изучения эшелонированных разломов растяжения и сжатия с приложением нагрузки к двуосной автоматически регулируемой модели. В ходе эксперимента производились синхронные замеры температур и тепловых сигналов. Для этого были использованы, соответственно, многоканальный термометрический прибор контактного типа и система регистрации тепловых сигналов. Синхронные снимки поверхностей экспериментальных образцов были получены при помощи цифровой видеокамеры на основе устройства с зарядовой связью. Был применен цифровой метод спекл-корреляции (DSCM) для анализа снимков и определения смещений и деформационных полей. Была установлена очевидная реакция тепловых полей на состояния напряжения противоположных типов в зонах сочленения эшелонированных разломов обоих типов. Перед полным разрушением зоны сочленения самые высокие значения температуры зарегистрированы на эшелонированных разломах сжатия, самые низкие – на эшелонированных разломах растяжения. С помощью метода DSCM самые высокие значения среднего напряжения в зоне сочленения дислокаций зарегистрированы на эшелонированных разломах сжатия, самые низкие – на эшелонированных разломах растяжения. В процессе деформирования эшелонированных разломов выявлены две стадии, развивающиеся от накопления напряжений и прорастания разлома в зону сочленения дислокаций до неустойчивого скольжения по разлому. Соответственно трансформируется механизм нагревания – с нагревания напряжением до нагревания трением. В самой зоне сочленения дислокаций и поблизости от неё в процессе трансформирования механизма повышения температуры наблюдались три фазы. Анализ полученных нами экспериментальных данных показал, что вариации температуры в зоне сочленения дислокации могут указывать на смещения по разлому и позволяют предположить направление смещения. Наблюдение за изменениями температуры и их изучение в процессе трансформирования механизма повышения температуры на чувствительных отрезках разломов имеют большое значение в плане раннего выявления предвестников неустойчивого смещения по активным разломам.

The article presents results of experimental studies using a bi-axial servo-control system to apply load on samples with extensional and compressional en echelon faults. During the experiments, variations of temperature and thermal images were recorded synchronously by a multi-path contact-type thermometric apparatus and a thermal image system, respectively. A digital CCD camera was employed to synchronously collect images of specimens’ surfaces. The digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) was utilized to analyze the images and to define displacements and strain fields. Our experimental results show that temperature fields have clear responses to opposite stress states in the jog areas of both types of the en echelon faults. Prior to failure of the jog area, its temperature is the highest at the compressional en echelon faults and the lowest at the extensional en echelon faults. Records by DSCM give evidence that mean strain of the jog area is the highest at compressional en echelon faults and the lowest at the extensional en echelon faults. It is revealed that deformation of the en echelon faults occurs in two stages, developing from stress build-up and fault propagation in the jog area to unstable sliding along the fault. Correspondingly, the mechanism of heating-up converts from strain heating into friction heating. During the period of transformation of the temperature rising mechanism, three events are observed in the jog area and its vicinity. Analyses of our experimental results demonstrate that variations of temperatures in the jog area can be indicative of fault sliding and suggest sliding directions. Observations and studies of temperature changes during transformation of the temperature rising mechanism at sensitive portions of faults are of great importance for early detection of precursors of unstable slip on active faults.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.