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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2019-10-1-0401</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-766</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЛАВЛЕНИЯ В КАНАЛЕ ТЕРМОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПЛЮМА И ТЕПЛОМАССООБМЕН ПРИ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИОННОЙ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ БАЗАЛЬТОВОГО РАСПЛАВА В ГРИБООБРАЗНОЙ ГОЛОВЕ ПЛЮМА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FEATURES OF MELTING IN THE THERMOCHEMICAL PLUME CONDUIT AND HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER DURING CRYSTALLIZATION DIFFERENTIATION OF BASALTIC MELT IN A MUSHROOM-SHAPED PLUME HEAD</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирдяшкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirdyashkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Анатольевич Кирдяшкин - доктор геолого-минералогических наук, профессор РАН, заведующий лабораторией Институт геологии и минералогии им. В.С. Соболева СО РАН</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Коптюга, 3, </p><p>630090, Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei A. Kirdyashkin - Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Professor of RAS, Head of Laboratory V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of RAS</p><p>3 Academician Koptyug ave., Novosibirsk 630090, </p><p>2 Pirogov street, Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aak@igm.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирдяшкин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirdyashkin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Григорьевич Кирдяшкин - доктор технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Коптюга, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Academician Koptyug ave., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agk@igm.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Викторович Сурков - кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Коптюга, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Surkov - Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Researcher</p><p>3 Academician Koptyug ave., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diagrams@igm.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологии и минералогии им. В.С. Соболева СО РАН;&#13;
Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of RAS;&#13;
Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологии и минералогии им. В.С. Соболева СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирдяшкин А.А., Кирдяшкин А.Г., Сурков Н.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирдяшкин А.А., Кирдяшкин А.Г., Сурков Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirdyashkin A.A., Kirdyashkin A.G., Surkov N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/766">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/766</self-uri><abstract><p>В качестве масштаба тепловой мощности плюма используется критерий Ka=N/N1, где N– тепловая мощность, передающаяся от подошвы плюма в его канал, N1 – тепловая мощность, передаваемая от канала плюма в окружающую мантию. При 1.9&lt;Ka&lt;10 после прорыва расплава из канала плюма на поверхность происходит плавление массива коры над кровлей плюма и образуется грибообразная голова плюма. На основе данных экспериментального и теоретического моделирования представлена структура течения в расплаве канала и головы термохимического плюма, поднимающегося (выплавляющегося) от границы ядро–мантия к поверхности.На основе строения фазовой диаграммы модельной системы CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 показано, что в двух верхних конвективных ячейках канала плюма, в области основных и ультраосновных составов, плавление протекает по моновариантным равновесиям эвтектического типаL=Cpx+Opx+An+Sp и L=Fo+An+Cpx+Opx. При расширении состава указанной модельной системы щелочным компонентом до CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–Na2O в этих ячейках появляются условия для кристаллизационной дифференциации в виде процесса отделения кристаллов плагиоклаза. Отделение кристаллов плагиоклаза, обогащенных анортитовым компонентом, приводит к изменению состава остаточного расплава в направлении высоких содержаний кремнезема и щелочных компонентов. Проведены расчеты состава расплава, получающегося вследствие процессов тепло- и массопереноса в грибообразной голове плюма в предположении, что исходный состав расплава в ней – базальтовый. Расчеты проведены в два этапа: (1) после осаждения тугоплавких минералов на подошву головы плюма; (2) после осаждения плагиоклаза в расплаве, образовавшемся после первого этапа и содержащем 88.5 % плагиоклазового компонента. Результаты расчетов приведены в виде таблиц, представляющих процентное весовое содержание оксидов для твердой фазы, а также содержание оксидов и нормативный состав для остаточного расплава при температуре Tр=1410 °C и давлении P=2.6 кбар и P=6.3 кбар. Содержание SiO2 в остаточном расплаве составляет 59.6–62.3 % и соответствует содержанию SiO2 в коровом слое.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The number Ka=N/N1 is used to evaluate the thermal power of a plume; N is the thermal power transferred from the plume base to its conduit, and N1 is the thermal power transferred from the plume conduit into the surrounding mantle. At the relative thermal power 1.9&lt;Ka&lt;10, after eruption of the melt from the plume conduit to the surface, melting occurs in the crustal block above the plume roof, resulting in the formation of a mushroom-shaped head of the plume. A thermochemical plume originates at the core-mantle boundary and ascends (melts up) to the surface. Based on laboratory and theoretical modeling data, we present the flow structure of melt in the conduit and the head of the thermochemical plume. The features of melting in the plume conduit are elucidated on the basis of the phase diagram of the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 model system. The two upper convection cells of the plume conduit relate to the region of basic and ultrabasic compositions. Our study shows that melting in these cells proceeds according to monovariant equilibria of eutectic type L=Cpx+Opx+An+Sp and L=Fo+An+Cpx+Opx. In case of the CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–Na2O system, crystallization differentiation proceeds as separation of plagioclase crystals. Separation of plagioclase crystals enriched in anorthite component leads to enrichment of the residual melt in silica and alkaline components. Assuming the initial basaltic melt, we calculated the compositional changes in the melt, which are powered by the heat and mass transfer processes in the mushroom-shaped plume head. The calculations were performed in two stages: (1) after settling of refractory minerals; (2) after settling of plagioclase in the melt resulting from the first stage. In the second stage, the melt contains 88.5 % of plagioclase component. The calculations were performed for melt temperature Tmelt=1410 °C and pressure P=2.6 kbar and 6.3 kbar. The calculated weight contents of oxides, the normative compositions for solid phase, and the oxide content and normative composition for the residual melt were tabulated. The SiO2 content in the residual melt amounts to 59.6–62.3 % and corresponds to the crustal SiO2 content.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>термохимические плюмы</kwd><kwd>тепло- и массообмен</kwd><kwd>тепловая мощность</kwd><kwd>голова плюма</kwd><kwd>расплав</kwd><kwd>нормативный состав</kwd><kwd>базальты</kwd><kwd>фазовая диаграмма</kwd><kwd>эвтектическое плавление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermochemical plumes</kwd><kwd>heat and mass transfer</kwd><kwd>thermal power</kwd><kwd>plume head</kwd><kwd>melt</kwd><kwd>normative composition</kwd><kwd>basalts</kwd><kwd>phase diagram</kwd><kwd>eutectic melting</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annen C., Blundy J.D., Sparks R.S.J., 2006. The genesis of intermediate and silicic magmas in deep crustal hot zones. 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