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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2018-9-4-0400</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-686</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОДЕЛЬ ПЕРВОГО ПРИБЛИЖЕНИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭПИКОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ОСАДОЧНЫХ БАССЕЙНОВ ВСЛЕДСТВИЕ КОНВЕКТИВНОЙ НЕУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТОСФЕРЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE FIRST-APPROXIMATION MODEL SHOWING THE OCCURRENCE OF EPICONTINENTAL SEDIMENTARY BASINS DUE TO CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY OF THE THERMAL LITHOSPHERE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунёв</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lunev</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Валентинович Лунёв - кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Коптюга, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris V. Lunev - Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Senior Researcher.</p><p>3 AcademicianKoptugave., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bobvalmail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапковский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapkovsky</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Валентинович Лапковский - кандидат геолого-миралогических наук, заведующий лабораторией.</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Коптюга, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Lapkovsky - Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy.</p><p>3 Academician Koptug ave., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lapkovskiiVV@ipgg.sbras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>1363</fpage><lpage>1380</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лунёв Б.В., Лапковский В.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лунёв Б.В., Лапковский В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lunev B.V., Lapkovsky V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/686">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/686</self-uri><abstract><p>Современные вычислительные возможности позволяют реализовать в виде расчетных моделей практически любые представления геологов о процессах формирования изучаемых структур, в том числе и диаметрально противоположные. При этом существует стремление использовать сложные, так называемые «реалистические» модели. Большое число параметров в таких моделях, путем надлежащего подбора значений, позволяет для разных постановок получить в результате расчета картину, сходную с реальной. Таким образом, вопрос об адекватности как самих моделей, так и лежащих в их основе представлений остается открытым. По-видимому, требуется некий общий подход к теоретическим построениям в геодинамике, который позволит определять область пригодности разрабатываемых моделей. Такой подход может быть реализован путем последовательных приближений на основе фундаментальных результатов «Теории простых жидкостей с затухающей памятью» – наиболее общего описания необратимого деформирования материала под действием неизотропных напряжений. При этом важно правильно сформулировать модель первого приближения. Она должна быть достаточно проста, основана на надежно установленных экспериментальных фактах, давать в рамках своей детальности адекватные, понятным образом интерпретируемые, нетривиальные результаты и естественным образом позволять дальнейшее уточнение – развитие следующих приближений. В настоящей работе мы попытались строго и последовательно построить такую модель для описания процесса формирования крупных эпиконтинентальных осадочных бассейнов, вопрос о генезисе которых в течение многих лет находится в центре внимания геологов. Модель основана на нескольких надежно установленных фактах: 1) у поверхности планеты в континентальных областях существует тепловой погранслой толщиной  с перепадом температуры ~1300–1500 °С; 2) вещество литосферы, включая кору, необратимо деформируется в исследуемых медленных геологических процессах; 3) континентальная кора является довольно мощным слоем, с малой, по сравнению с мантией, плотностью. Проведенные численные эксперименты показали развитие в верхней мантии свободной конвекции, индуцирующей в легкой коре противотечение, вызывающее формирование над восходящими потоками осадочных бассейнов, а над нисходящими – поднятий, образующих при переходе к квазистационарному режиму платформенные щиты. Расчеты воспроизводят характерные структуры литосферы, коры и собственно осадочных бассейнов и этапы их эволюции, соответствующие имеющимся геолого-геофизическим данным, за исключением эффектов, обусловленных, как мы полагаем, более высокой температурой мантии и динамикой возникающего при этом расплава. (Включение в модель описания декомпрессионного плавления мантийного вещества, сепарации, миграции и замерзания образующегося расплава предполагается в наших следующих публикациях). Предложенная модель первого приближения пригодна для описания широкого класса геодинамических процессов подобного масштаба.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern computational technologies make it possible to simulate practically any concept developed by geologists to investigate the processes of formation of the structures under study, including diametrically opposed ones. Today’s trend is to create complex ‘realistic’ models. Such models are based on a large number of parameters with properly set values and simulate the settings that can be viewed similar to the real situations. However, the adequacy of both the models themselves and the concepts used as the basis for simulation remains the issue of debate. Apparently, it is required to specify a general approach to theoretical constructions in geodynamics, which should ensure that the scope of applicability of the models can be correctly evaluated. Such an approach can be implemented by successive approximations based on the fundamental results of the theory of simple liquids with damping memory, the most general description of irreversible deformation of materials under non-isotropic stress. It is critical to correctly formulate a model in the first approximation. It should be fairly simple and based on reliably established experimental facts, give adequate and clearly interpretable non-trivial results and allow further logical refinement of the details, i.e. the next approximations. This article presents an attempt to strictly follow the requirements and consistently construct a model that can show the occurrence of large epicontinental sedimentary basins, the origin of which has been in the focus of geological studies for many years. Our model is based on the following reliably established facts: (1) at the surface of the planet, in continental areas there is an approximately 300-km-thick thermal boundary layer (TBL), wherein the temperature drop amounts to ~1300–1500 °C; (2) the material of the lithosphere, including the crust, is irreversibly deformed during slow geological processes; (3) the continental crust is the thick layer that is less dense than the material of the mantle. The numerical experiments demonstrate free convection in the upper mantle, which induces countercurrents in the light crust and leads to the occurrence of sedimentary basins above the ascending flows and uplifts above the descending flows, which form platform shields during the transition to the quasi-stationary mode. The parameters of the typical structures formed in the lithosphere and the crust and the sedimentary basins proper are estimated. Revealed are the stages of their evolution, which correlate with the available geological and geophysical data, except for the effects caused, in our opinion, by the higher temperature of the mantle and the dynamics of the resultant melt. (Our next publications will describe modeling with account of decompression melting of the mantle material and separation, migration and freezing of the resultant melt.) The proposed first-approximation model can be used to describe a wide variety of geodynamic processes of similar scales.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осадочный бассейн</kwd><kwd>платформенный щит</kwd><kwd>численное моделирование</kwd><kwd>конвекция</kwd><kwd>термическая литосфера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sedimentary basin</kwd><kwd>platform shield</kwd><kwd>numerical simulation</kwd><kwd>convection</kwd><kwd>thermal lithosphere</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Программа IX.131.2.2. фундаментальных научных исследований СО РАН; РФФИ, проект № 18-05-70105</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артюшков Е.В. Физическая тектоника. М.: Наука, 1993. 455 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artyushkov E.V., 1993. Physical Tectonics. Nauka, Moscow, 455 p. 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