gtcrustГеодинамика и тектонофизикаGeodynamics & Tectonophysics2078-502XInstitute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch10.5800/GT-2018-9-3-0381gtcrust-635Research ArticleСОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКАRECENT GEODYNAMICSСУБМЕРИДИОНАЛЬНАЯ ПОГРАНИЧНАЯ ЗОНА В АЗИИ: СЕЙСМИЧНОСТЬ, СТРУКТУРА ЛИТОСФЕРЫ И РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КОНВЕКТИВНЫХ ПОТОКОВ В ВЕРХНЕЙ МАНТИИSUBMERIDIONAL BOUNDARY ZONE IN ASIA: SEISMICITY, LITHOSPHERE STRUCTURE, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONVECTIVE FLOWS IN THE UPPER MANTLEБушенковаН. А.BushenkovaN. A.

Наталья Анатольевна Бушенкова, канд. геол.-мин. наук, с.н.с.

630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Коптюга, 3; 630090, Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2,

Natalia A. Bushenkova, Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Researcher 

3 Academician Koptug ave., Novosibirsk 630090; 2 Pirogov street, Novosibirsk 630090

BushenkovaNA@ipgg.sbras.ruКучайО. А.KuchayO. A.

Ольга Анатольевна Кучай, канд. физ.-мат. наук, с.н.с. 

630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Коптюга, 3

Olga A. Kuchay, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Senior Researcher

3 Academician Koptug ave., Novosibirsk 630090

KuchayOA@ipgg.nsc.ruЧервовВ. В.ChervovV. V.

Виктор Васильевич Червов, канд. физ.-мат. наук, с.н.с.

630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Коптюга, 3

Victor V. Chervov, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Senior Researcher

3 Academician Koptug ave., Novosibirsk 630090

ChervovVV@ipgg.sbras.ruИнститут нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука СО РАНРоссияA.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of RAS; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationИнститут нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука СО РАН; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университетРоссияA.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of RASRussian FederationИнститут нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука СО РАНРоссияA.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of RASRussian Federation2018091020189310071023Copyright © Бушенкова Н.А., Кучай О.А., Червов В.В., 20182018Бушенкова Н.А., Кучай О.А., Червов В.В.Bushenkova N.A., Kuchay O.A., Chervov V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/635

Исследование посвящено субмеридиональной трансрегиональной границе, которая широкой полосой простирается вдоль 105° в.д. в Центральной Азии и может быть прослежена в современных сейсмических моделях вплоть до глубины ~600 км. К западу от нее отмечается повышенная континентальная сейсмическая активность. Изучение природы трансрегиональной пограничной зоны позволит оценить ее вклад в текущие геодинамические процессы в Азии. В работе проведен комплексный анализ на основе сопоставления доступных данных с результатами, полученными в ходе исследования с помощью независимых методов. Проанализировано распределение землетрясений по глубине. Прослежена корреляция между характером сейсмотектонических деформаций (СТД) по данным механизмов очагов землетрясений, структурой аномалий Р-скорости и распределением конвективных потоков в верхней мантии. Структура распределения аномалий сейсмических скоростей в верхней мантии основана на данных каталога ISC за период 1964–2011 гг. Моделирование выполнено по двум региональным томографическим схемам (на первых вступлениях [Koulakov et al., 2002 и с использованием PP-фаз [Bushenkova et al., 2002) с последующим суммированием с весовыми коэффициентами, зависящими от распределения исходных данных для каждой схемы. Аналогичный подход применен в работе [Koulakov, Bushenkova, 2010 для территории Сибири, в которой модель была построена на меньшем количестве данных каталога ISC (до 2001 г.) и захватывала лишь часть исследуемой в настоящей работе субмеридиональной пограничной зоны. Характеристики полученной суммарной модели использованы для оценки вариаций мощности литосферы, которые, как показали результаты предыдущих исследований [Chervov et al., 2014; Bushenkova et al., 2014, 2016, могут значительно влиять на структуру конвективных течений в верхней мантии. Полученные вариации мощности учтены при задании граничных условий в задаче численного моделирования тепловой конвекции, выполненного в соответствии с алгоритмом [Chervov, Chernykh, 2014. Реконструкция поля СТД проводилась по данным механизмов очагов землетрясений (M≥4.6), которые произошли в Центральной Азии в 1976–2017 гг. Результаты показали, что зона изменения сейсмического режима и полоса разворота главных осей СТД коррелируют с субмеридионально вытянутой границей повышенных/пониженных скоростей в сейсмотомографической модели и с субмеридионально протяженным нисходящим потоком в верхней мантии. Западная часть территории характеризуется субмеридиональным укорочением главных осей деформации, а восточная – субширотным укорочением. Поворот направлений основных осей СТД происходит в зоне 93–105° в.д. Таким образом, субмеридионально протяженный нисходящий поток в конвективной структуре верхней мантии региона, возникший в результате суперпозиции неоднородностей мощности литосферы, вероятно, и представляет собой преграду на пути распространения проявляющихся в сейсмическом режиме активных геодинамических процессов, вызванных коллизией.

The study is focused on the submeridional transregional boundary that stretches as a wide band along 105°E in Central Asia. In modern seismic models, it is traceable to a depth of ~600 km. In the continental area to the west of this boundary, seismic activity is increased. Following the study of the origin of the transregional boundary zone, it becomes possible to assess its contribution to the current geodynamic processes in Asia. This article presents a comprehensive analysis based on comparison of the available data with the results obtained in our study using independent methods. The distribution of earthquakes was analyzed by depth. We revealed a correlation between the characteristics of seismotectonic deformation (STD) reconstructed from earthquake focal mechanisms, the structure of P-velocity anomalies, and the distribution of convection flows in the upper mantle. The pattern of seismic velocity anomalies in the upper mantle was investigated on the basis of the data from the ISC catalogue for the period of 1964–2011. The modeling was carried out for two regional tomographic schemes, using the first arrivals of P-waves from [Koulakov et al., 2002 and PP-phases from [Bushenkova et al., 2002, with the subsequent summation with weight coefficients depending on the distribution of the input data in each scheme. A similar approach was applied in [Koulakov, Bushenkova, 2010 for the territory of Siberia; however, that model only partially covered the submeridional transregional boundary zone and was based on fewer ISC data (until 2001). The parameters of the combined model were used to estimate variations in the lithosphere thickness, which can significantly influence the structure of convection flows in the upper mantle [Chervov et al., 2014; Bushenkova et al., 2014, 2016. The thickness variations were taken into account when setting boundary conditions in the numerical modeling of thermal convection, which followed the algorithm described in [Chervov, Chernykh, 2014. The STD field was reconstructed from the earthquake focal mechanisms (M≥4.6) which occurred in Central Asia in 1976–2017. The analysis shows that the zone, wherein the seismic regime changes, correlates with the band wherein the STD principal axes are turning, the submeridional high/low velocity elongated boundary in the seismotomographic model, as well as with the submeridionally elongated descending convective flow in the upper mantle. Shortening of the STD principal axes is observed in the submeridional direction in the western part and in the sublatitudinal direction in the eastern part of the study area. The directions of the principal axes turn in the 93–105°E zone. It is thus probable that the submeridionally elongated descending convective flow in the upper mantle of this region, which results from the superposition of the lithosphere thickness heterogeneities, is a barrier to propagation of seismically manifested active geodynamic processes caused by lithospheric plates collision.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.