<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2018-9-3-0379</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-633</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RECENT GEODYNAMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АНОМАЛЬНЫЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ ЗЕМНОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ В ЗОНАХ РАЗЛОМОВ: СДВИГ ИЛИ РАЗДВИГ?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RECENT ANOMALOUS DEFORMATION OF THE GROUND SURFACE IN FAULT ZONES: SHEAR OR TENSILE FAULTING?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Олегович Кузьмин, докт. физ.-мат. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией123242, ГСП-5, Москва Д-242, ул. Большая Грузинская, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri O. Kuzmin, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Head of Laboratory</p><p>10 Bol’shaya Gruzinskaya street, Moscow D-242 123242, GSP-5,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzpnex@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>O.Yu. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>967</fpage><lpage>987</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмин Ю.О., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин Ю.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/633">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/633</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены различные формулировки кинематических типов разломов. Предложен морфологический критерий выявления типов разломов по геодезическим наблюдениям, основанный на степени симметричности распределения аномальных смещений земной поверхности. Анализ различных типов локальных аномалий вертикальных смещений земной поверхности, полученных по геодезическим наблюдениям в зонах разломов, показал, что 88 % всех аномалий – локальные, симметричные оседания земной поверхности в окрестности разлома. Такая морфология деформационных аномалий соответствует субвертикальным разломам раздвигового типа. Рассмотрены три варианта механизма формирования наблюдаемых смещений в зоне активизации раздвиговых разломов: блоковый, дислокационный и параметрический. Сопоставление расчетных и наблюденных смещений поверхности показывает, что максимальную сходимость теории и наблюдений обеспечивает модель локального параметрического возбуждения деформаций при квазистатических региональных нагрузках и формализма теории деформационных ядер (мягких включений).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Various definitions of the kinematic types of faults are reviewed. The degree of symmetry in the distribution of anomalous displacements of the ground surface is proposed as a morphological criterion for identifying the types of faults based on geodetic observations. Local anomalies of vertical displacements identified by geodetic observations in the fault zones are analysed by types. It is revealed that 88 % of the analysed anomalies show local symmetrical subsidence of the ground surface near the faults. Morphologically, these anomalies correspond to the subvertical tensile faults. Mechanisms of three types (block, dislocation, and parametric) are discussed considering the formation of the observed displacements in the zones of activation of the tensile faults. A comparison of the calculated and observed displacements of the ground surface shows that the best consistency between the theory and the observations is achieved using the model of local parametric excitation of deformation under quasi-static regional loads and the theory of strain nuclei (soft inclusions).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>раздвиговый разлом</kwd><kwd>сдвиговый разлом</kwd><kwd>аномалии вертикальных и горизонтальных смещений</kwd><kwd>локальная просадка</kwd><kwd>дислокационная модель</kwd><kwd>параметрическая модель</kwd><kwd>ядро деформации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tensile fault</kwd><kwd>shear fault</kwd><kwd>anomalies of vertical and horizontal displacements</kwd><kwd>local subsidence</kwd><kwd>dislocation model</kwd><kwd>parametrical model</kwd><kwd>strain nuclei</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broek D., 1986. Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 540 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broek D., 1986. Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 540 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Churikov V.A., Kuzmin Y.O., 1998. Relation between deformation and seismicity in the active fault zone of Kamchatka, Russia. Geophysical Journal International 133 (3), 607–614. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00511.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Churikov V.A., Kuzmin Y.O., 1998. Relation between deformation and seismicity in the active fault zone of Kamchatka, Russia. Geophysical Journal International 133 (3), 607–614. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00511.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добровольский И.П. Математическая теория подготовки и прогноза землетрясений. М.: ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2009. 240 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobrovol’sky I.P., 2009. Mathematical Theory of Preparation and Prediction of Earthquakes. FIZMATLIT, Moscow, 240 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzurisin D., 2007. Volcano Deformation. New Geodetic Monitoring Techniques. Springer, Berlin, 442 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzurisin D., 2007. Volcano Deformation. New Geodetic Monitoring Techniques. Springer, Berlin, 442 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoryev A.S., Volovich I.M., Mikhailova A.V., Rebetsky Y.L., Shakhmuradova Z.E., 1988. Relationships between the kinematics of the top of a layer and the state of stress within it due to block motion at its bottom (in connection with the interpretation of recent movements). Journal of Geodynamics 10 (2–4), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(88)90019-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryev A.S., Volovich I.M., Mikhailova A.V., Rebetsky Y.L., Shakhmuradova Z.E., 1988. Relationships between the kinematics of the top of a layer and the state of stress within it due to block motion at its bottom (in connection with the interpretation of recent movements). Journal of Geodynamics 10 (2–4), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(88)90019-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гзовский М.В. Основы тектонофизики. М.: Наука, 1975. 536 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gzovsky М.V., 1975. Fundamentals of Tectonophysics. Nauka, Moscow, 536 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Y.M., Wang W.M., Yao Z.X., 2003. Static deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a layered half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93 (5), 2253–2263. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He Y.M., Wang W.M., Yao Z.X., 2003. Static deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a layered half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93 (5), 2253–2263. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Izyumov S.F., Kuzmin Y.O., 2014. Study of the recent geodynamic processes in the Kopet-Dag region. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 50 (6), 719–731. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351314060019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izyumov S.F., Kuzmin Y.O., 2014. Study of the recent geodynamic processes in the Kopet-Dag region. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 50 (6), 719–731. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351314060019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Современная геодинамика и сейсмичность юго-востока Татарстана / Ред. Р.С. Хисамов, Ю.О. Кузьмин. Казань: “Фэн”, 2012. 240 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khisamov R.S., Kuzmin Yu.O. (Eds.), 2012. Recent Geodynamics and Seismicity of the Southeastern Tatarstan. Fen, Kazan, 240 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочарян Г.Г. Геомеханика разломов. М.: ГЕОС, 2016. 432 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kocharyan G.G., 2016. Geomechanics of Faults. GEOS, Moscow, 432 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин Ю.О. Проблемные вопросы изучения деформационных процессов в современной геодинамике // Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. 2008. № 3. С. 98–107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., 2008. Problematic issues of studying the deformation processes in recent geodynamics. Mountain Information and Analytical Bulletin (3), 98–107 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmin Y.O., 2009. Tectonophysics and recent geodynamics. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 45 (11), 973–986. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351309110056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., 2009. Tectonophysics and recent geodynamics. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 45 (11), 973–986. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351309110056.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmin Y.O., 2013. Recent geodynamics of the faults and paradoxes of the rates of deformation. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 49 (5), 626–642. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351313050029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., 2013. Recent geodynamics of the faults and paradoxes of the rates of deformation. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 49 (5), 626–642. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351313050029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин Ю.О. Современная геодинамика разломных зон: разломообразование в реальном масштабе времени // Геодинамика и тектонофизика. 2014. Т. 5. № 2. С. 401–443. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2014-5-2-0135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., 2014a. Recent geodynamics of fault zones: faulting in real time scale. Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics 5 (2), 401–443 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2014-5-2-0135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmin Y.O., 2014b. The topical problems of identifying the results of the observations in recent geodynamics. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 50 (5), 641–654. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351314050048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., 2014b. The topical problems of identifying the results of the observations in recent geodynamics. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 50 (5), 641–654. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351314050048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmin Y.O., 2015. Recent geodynamics of a fault system. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 51 (4), 480–485. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351315040059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., 2015. Recent geodynamics of a fault system. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 51 (4), 480–485. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351315040059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmin Y.O., 2016. Recent geodynamics of dangerous faults. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 52 (5), 709–722. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351316050074.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., 2016. Recent geodynamics of dangerous faults. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 52 (5), 709–722. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351316050074.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmin Y.O., 2017. Paradoxes of the comparative analysis of ground-based and satellite geodetic measurements in recent geodynamics. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 53 (6), 825–839. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351317060027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., 2017. Paradoxes of the comparative analysis of ground-based and satellite geodetic measurements in recent geodynamics. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 53 (6), 825–839. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351317060027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmin Y.O., Churikov V.A., 1999. Anomalous strain generation mechanism before the March 2, 1992, Kamchatka earthquake. Volcanology and Seismology 20 (6), 641–656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.O., Churikov V.A., 1999. Anomalous strain generation mechanism before the March 2, 1992, Kamchatka earthquake. Volcanology and Seismology 20 (6), 641–656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин Ю.О. Современная геодинамика и оценка геодинамического риска при недропользовании. М.: Агентство экономических новостей, 1999. 220 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin Y.О., 1999. Recent Geodynamics and Assessment of Geodynamic Risks in Subsurface Use. Economic News Agency, Moscow, 220 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandl G., 2005. Rock Joints. The Mechanical Genesis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 222 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandl G., 2005. Rock Joints. The Mechanical Genesis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 222 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mindlin R.D., Cheng D.H., 1950. Nuclei of strain in the semi‐infinite solid. Journal of Applied Physics 21 (9), 926–930. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699785.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mindlin R.D., Cheng D.H., 1950. Nuclei of strain in the semi‐infinite solid. Journal of Applied Physics 21 (9), 926–930. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699785.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молоденский С.М. Приливы и нутация Земли. М.: Наука, 1984. 214 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molodensky S.M., 1984. Tides and Nutation of the Earth, Nauka, Moscow, 214 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Николаевский В.Н. Собрание трудов. Геомеханика. Т. 2. Земная кора. Нелинейная сейсмика. Вихри и ураганы. Москва–Ижевск: Институт компьютерных исследований, 2010. 560 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaevsky V.N., 2010. Collection of Works. Geomechanics. Vol. 2. Earth's crust. Nonlinear Seismics. Whirlwinds and Hurricanes. Institute for Computer Research, Moscow–Izhevsk, 560 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okada Y., 1985. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75 (4), 1135–1154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okada Y., 1985. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75 (4), 1135–1154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okada Y., 1992. Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82 (2), 1018–1040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okada Y., 1992. Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82 (2), 1018–1040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peacock D.C.P., Nixon C.W., Rotevatn A., Sanderson D.J., Zuluaga L.F., 2016. Glossary of fault and other fracture networks. Journal of Structural Geology 92, 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.09.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peacock D.C.P., Nixon C.W., Rotevatn A., Sanderson D.J., Zuluaga L.F., 2016. Glossary of fault and other fracture networks. Journal of Structural Geology 92, 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.09.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геологический словарь. В трех томах / Ред. О.В. Петров. СПб.: ВСЕГЕИ, 2010–2012. 1352 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov O.V. (Ed.), 2010–2012. Geological Dictionary. In three volumes. VSEGEI, Saint Petersburg, 1352 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reiner M., 1960. Deformation, Strain and Flow: An Elementary Introduction to Rheology. H.K. Lewis &amp; Co, London, 347 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reiner M., 1960. Deformation, Strain and Flow: An Elementary Introduction to Rheology. H.K. Lewis &amp; Co, London, 347 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saberi E., Yassaghi A., Djamour Y., 2017. Application of geodetic leveling data on recent fault activity in Central Alborz, Iran. Geophysical Journal International 211 (2), 751–765. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saberi E., Yassaghi A., Djamour Y., 2017. Application of geodetic leveling data on recent fault activity in Central Alborz, Iran. Geophysical Journal International 211 (2), 751–765. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семинский К.Ж. Внутренняя структура континентальных разломных зон. Тектонофизический аспект. Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН, филиал «Гео», 2003. 243 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seminsky K.Zh., 2003. The Internal Structure of Continental Fault Zones. Tectonophysical Aspect. GEO Branch, Publishing House of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 243 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семинский К.Ж. Спецкартирование разломных зон земной коры. Статья 1: Теоретические основы и принципы // Геодинамика и тектонофизика. 2014. Т. 5. № 2. С. 445–467. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2014-5-2-0136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seminsky K.Zh., 2014. Specialized mapping of crustal fault zones. Part 1: Basic theoretical concepts and principles. Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics 5 (2), 445–467 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2014-5-2-0136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sezava K., 1929. The tilting of the surface of a semi-infinite solid due to internal nuclei of strain. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, Tokyo University 7 (1), 1–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sezava K., 1929. The tilting of the surface of a semi-infinite solid due to internal nuclei of strain. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, Tokyo University 7 (1), 1–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шерман С.И. Физические закономерности развития разломов земной коры. Новосибирск: Наука, 1977. 102 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherman S.I., 1977. Physical Regularities of Crustal Fracturing. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 102 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шерман С.И., Борняков С.А., Буддо В.Ю. Области динамического влияния разломов (результаты моделирования). Новосибирск: Наука, 1983. 110 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherman S.I., Bornyakov S.А., Buddo V.Yu., 1983. Areas of Dynamic Influence of Faults (Modeling Results). Nauka, Novosibirsk, 110 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh S.J., Kumar A., Rani S., Singh M., 2002. Deformation of a uniform half-space due to a long inclined tensile fault. Geophysical Journal International 148 (3), 687–691. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01590.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh S.J., Kumar A., Rani S., Singh M., 2002. Deformation of a uniform half-space due to a long inclined tensile fault. Geophysical Journal International 148 (3), 687–691. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01590.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timoshenko S., Goodier J.N., 1970. Theory of Elasticity. McGraw – Hill, New York, 591 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timoshenko S., Goodier J.N., 1970. Theory of Elasticity. McGraw – Hill, New York, 591 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turcotte D.L., Shubert G., 2002. Geodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 456 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turcotte D.L., Shubert G., 2002. Geodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 456 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verma H., Swaroop R., Kumar V., 2017. Deformation of poroelastic half-space due to tensile dislocation. International Journal of Engineering Sciences &amp; Research Technology 6 (12), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1087414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verma H., Swaroop R., Kumar V., 2017. Deformation of poroelastic half-space due to tensile dislocation. International Journal of Engineering Sciences &amp; Research Technology 6 (12), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1087414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang X.M., Davis P.M., 1986. Deformation due to a rectangular tension crack in an elastic half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76 (3), 865–881.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang X.M., Davis P.M., 1986. Deformation due to a rectangular tension crack in an elastic half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76 (3), 865–881.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
