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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2018-9-3-0376</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОБ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ФАКТОРНОГО АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГЕОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ БОЛЬШОГО КАВКАЗА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ON USING THE FACTOR ANALYSIS TO STUDY THE GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES OF FORMATION OF THE GREATER CAUCASUS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-4279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>Ф. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>F. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федор Леонидович Яковлев, докт. геол.-мин. наук, в.н.с.123242, ГСП-5, Москва Д-242, ул. Большая Грузинская, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor L. Yakovlev, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Lead Researcher </p><p>10 Bol’shaya Gruzinskaya street, Moscow D-242 123242, GSP-5</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yak@ifz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0835-0692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатов</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Сергеевич Горбатов, канд. геол.-мин. наук, с.н.с.</p><p>123242, ГСП-5, Москва Д-242, ул. Большая Грузинская, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii S. Gorbatov, Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Researcher</p><p>10 Bol’shaya Gruzinskaya street, Moscow D-242 123242, GSP-5</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.s.gor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>O.Yu. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>909</fpage><lpage>926</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яковлев Ф.Л., Горбатов Е.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яковлев Ф.Л., Горбатов Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakovlev F.L., Gorbatov E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/630">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/630</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается порядок корректного использования факторного анализа в целях выявления реально действующих процессов, формирующих складчатую структуру и основные слои континентальной коры подвижных поясов. Особенностью подхода к проблеме геодинамики является решение обратной (а не прямой, как обычно) задачи выделения тех процессов, которые привели к формированию природной структуры, имеющей ряд количественных признаков, обладающих определенным разбросом численных значений. Цель работы – уточнение числа основных процессов (факторов), описание их характера и выявление их сравнительной «силы». Рассматривается значение полученных результатов для разработки реалистичных геодинамических моделей. Исходным материалом работы послужили детальные структурные профили через складчатую структуру Большого Кавказа. По этим данным с помощью специального метода была построена сбалансированная модель осадочного чехла в объеме «структурных ячеек», размер которых составляет 5–7 км вдоль профиля. Было исследовано 78 таких «ячеек», которые характеризовались шестью параметрами: глубиной кровли фундамента на трех стадиях развития (доскладчатой, постскладчатой, посторогенной), величиной сокращения, амплитудой неотектонического поднятия и разницей глубин фундамента на первой и последней стадиях. Параметры имеют прямое отношение к истории формирования блоков континентальной коры региона и составляют исходный массив данных для факторного анализа. Первой операцией факторного анализа является определение числа факторов по критерию Кайзера; оно равнялось двум. Это число задавалось при основном исследовании несколькими методами (главных компонент с вращением). Был выявлен фактор 1, «изостазия», с весом 46 % и высокими нагрузками признаков глубины кровли фундамента на стадиях 1 и 3. Фактор 2, «сокращение», имел вес 40 % и высокие нагрузки признаков величины укорочения и амплитуды неотектонического поднятия. Первый фактор связывается с процессом «изостазии», который выражается в том, что после складчатости и горообразования кровля фундамента «ячеек» в целом стремится вернуться к своей глубине на доскладчатой стадии. Второй фактор связан с сокращением структуры. При анализе альпийского развития структур на примере Чиаурской зоны с использованием изостатически сбалансированной модели было показано, что ее формирование обусловлено последовательным увеличением плотности пород кристаллической коры до «мантийных» значений. Такие преобразования пока недостаточно учитываются в геодинамических моделях. При обсуждении результатов обращается внимание на то, что установленный процесс «изостазии» является природным, а не умозрительным модельным, а также на то, что корректная геодинамическая модель должна включать в себя результаты действия обоих  обнаруженных процессов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при создании более совершенных геодинамических моделей формирования складчато-надвиговых подвижных поясов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes the factor analysis procedure ensuring its correct usage for identifying the processes that cause formation of fold structures and the main layers of the continental crust in mobile belts. The proposed approach to this problem of geodynamics is specific: it aims at solving the inverse (rather than direct, which is common) problem of identifying the processes that led to the occurrence of a natural structure characterized by quantitative indicators varying within a certain range of values. The objectives of the study were to specify the number of main processes/factors, describe their nature and calculate their relative ‘loading’ values. The database included detailed structural profiles across the fold structure of the Greater Caucasus. A special method was applied to construct a balanced model of the sedimentary cover, considering ‘structural cells’ which are 5–7 km long along the profile. Each of the 78 ‘cells’ studied was characterized by six parameters: the depth of the basement top at three stages of development (pre-folded, post-folded, and post-mountain-building), the amount of shortening, the amplitude of neotectonic uplifting, and the difference between the depths of the basement at the first and final stages. The parameters, that are directly related to the evolution of the blocks of the continental crust in the study area, constituted the initial data array for the factor analysis. In the first step, the Kaiser criterion was used to determine the number of factors, and it was equal to two. This number was specified for the main study using the methods of principal components with rotation. Factor 1 (Isostasy) amounted to 46 % of loading value, with high loads of the parameter of the depth of the basement top at stages 1 and 3. Factor 2 (Shortening) amounted to 40 %, with high loads of the indicators of shortening values and the amplitude of neotectonic uplifting. Factor 1 is related to the process of ‘isostasy’: after folding and orogeny is complete, the basement top of the ‘structural cells’ tends to return to its depth which was obtained on the pre-folded stage. Factor 2 is related to the process of shortening of the structure. The Chiaur zone was chosen as an example to analyze the Alpine-type development of the structures using the isostatically balanced model. The analysis shows that this zone formed as the density of the crystalline crust gradually increased to the ‘mantle’ values. Geodynamic modeling still fails to properly take such transformations into account. In the discussion of the results, attention is drawn to the fact that the established process of ‘isostasy’ is natural, i.e. not pertaining only to a theoretical model. It is noted that a geodynamic model can be correctly constructed if it considers the impacts of both processes revealed in this study. The obtained results can be used for improving the geodynamic modeling of fold-thrust mobile belts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Большой Кавказ</kwd><kwd>складчатость</kwd><kwd>сбалансированный профиль</kwd><kwd>восстановление складчатой структуры</kwd><kwd>величина сокращения</kwd><kwd>геодинамический процесс</kwd><kwd>факторный анализ</kwd><kwd>изостазия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Greater Caucasus</kwd><kwd>folding</kwd><kwd>balanced section</kwd><kwd>restoration of fold structures</kwd><kwd>value of shortening</kwd><kwd>geodynamic process</kwd><kwd>factor analysis</kwd><kwd>isostasy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артюшков Е.В. Физическая тектоника. М.: Наука, 1993. 456 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artyushkov E.V., 1993. Physical Tectonics. Nauka, Moscow, 456 p. 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