gtcrustГеодинамика и тектонофизикаGeodynamics & Tectonophysics2078-502XInstitute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch10.5800/GT-2018-9-3-0373gtcrust-627Research ArticleТЕКТОНОФИЗИКАTECTONOPHYSICSЭВОЛЮЦИЯ НАПРЯЖЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗЕМНОЙ КОРЫ РАЙОНА КИМБЕРЛИТОВОЙ ТРУБКИ КАТОКА, СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОК АНГОЛЫTHE EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTAL STRESS STATE OF THE CATOCA KIMBERLITE PIPE AREA (NORTHEASTERN ANGOLA)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-8877ЛунинаО. В.LuninaO. V.

Оксана Викторовна Лунина, докт. геол.-мин. наук, в.н.с.

664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128

Oksana V. Lunina, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Lead Researcher 

128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033

lounina@crust.irk.ruГладковА. С.GladkovA. S.

Андрей Станиславович Гладков, канд. геол.-мин. наук, с.н.с.

664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128

Andrey S. Gladkov, Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Researcher 

128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033

gladkov@crust.irk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-8253ГладкочубД. П.GladkochubD. P.

Дмитрий Петрович Гладкочуб, член-корреспондент РАН, докт. геол.-мин. наук, директор института

664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128

Dmitry P. Gladkochub, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Corresponding Member of RAS,Director of the Institute

128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033

dima@crust.irk.ruЖоаоФ.JoãoF.

Франциско Жоао, руководитель минералогической лаборатории 

Провинция Луанда-Сул

Francisco João, Head of the Mineralogical Laboratory

Luanda Sector Talatona, Luanda Sul

francisco_joao@catoca.comКарпенкоМ. А.KarpenkoM. A.

Михаил Анатольевич Карпенко

Провинция Луанда-Сул

Michael A. Karpenko 

Luanda Sector Talatona, Luanda Su

m.a.k68@mail.ruФеликсЖ. Т.FélixJ. T.

Жоао Тунга Феликс 

Провинция Луанда-Сул

Joao Tunga Felix 

Luanda Sector Talatona, Luanda Su

felix@catoca.comКошкаревД. А.KoshkarevD. A.

Денис Анатольевич Кошкарев, канд. геол.-мин. наук, заведующий отделом

678174, Мирный, Чернышевское шоссе, 16

Denis А. Koshkarev, Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Head of Department 

16 Chernychevskoe highway, Mirny 678174,

 

KoshkarevDA@alrosa.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9194-5506СкляровЕ. В.SklyarovE. V.

Евгений Викторович Скляров, член-корреспондент РАН, докт. геол.-мин. наук, профессор, г.н.с.

664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128

 

Eugene V. Sklyarov, Corresponding Member of RAS, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Professor, Chief Researcher128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033

Институт земной коры СО РАНРоссияInstitute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of RASRussian FederationГорнорудное общество Катока (Катока Лтд.),АнголаSociedade Mineira de Catoca (Catoca Ltd.)AngolaНаучно-исследовательское геологоразведочное предприятие АК «АЛРОСА» (ПАО)РоссияGeological Enterprise of Exploration, Public Joint Stock Company «ALROSA»Russian FederationИнститут земной коры СО РАНРоссияInstitute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of RASRussian Federation20180810201893827854Copyright © Лунина О.В., Гладков А.С., Гладкочуб Д.П., Жоао Ф., Карпенко М.А., Феликс Ж.Т., Кошкарев Д.А., Скляров Е.В., 20182018Лунина О.В., Гладков А.С., Гладкочуб Д.П., Жоао Ф., Карпенко М.А., Феликс Ж.Т., Кошкарев Д.А., Скляров Е.В.Lunina O.V., Gladkov A.S., Gladkochub D.P., João F., Karpenko M.A., Félix J.T., Koshkarev D.A., Sklyarov E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/627

В статье представлены первые результаты геолого-структурного и тектонофизического изучения напряженного состояния земной коры района алмазоносной трубки Катока, расположенной на юго-западном фланге щита Касаи на северо-востоке Анголы. На основе анализа смещений маркеров, шарниров складок и длинных осей будин, даек гранитов различных фаз внедрения и кимберлитов, а также трещин со штрихами скольжения выделено шесть основных этапов в эволюции напряженного состояния земной коры. Эти этапы обусловлены доминированием ориентированных в определенном направлении горизонтальных тектонических напряжений сжатия и/или растяжения, господствовавших в течение всей истории тектонического развития региона. В ходе первого этапа – превалирующего северо-западного растяжения со сдвигом – и начала второго этапа – северо-западного сжатия – формирование структур во вмещающих породах происходило в хрупкопластических условиях. Смена пластических деформаций на разрывные могла произойти примерно 530–510 млн лет назад, когда континентальная кора Африки была окончательно сформирована. Третий и четвертый этапы, важнейшие для кимберлитообразования, в течение которых в раннем мелу радиальное растяжение сменилось сдвиговым полем напряжений, характеризуются превалированием северо-западного растяжения. Оба этапа связаны с открытием центрального сегмента Южной Атлантики, а основной кимберлитовый магматизм приходится на момент разрыва Анголо-Бразильского сегмента Гондваны. В ходе всех четырех этапов разрядка напряжений происходила в основном по разрывным нарушениям северо-восточного и восток-северо-восточного простирания, в меньшей степени северо-западного и широтного. Начальный этап кимберлитового магматизма связан с разрывами двух первых указанных направлений, что предопределено наличием древних докембрийских зон течения и рассланцевания, которые оказались наиболее благоприятными для реализации северо-западного субгоризонтального растяжения. Последующее северо-восточное сжатие (пятый этап), начавшееся во второй половине мела и, возможно, продлившееся до конца палеогена, реализовалось в основном по разрывам северо-западного простирания. В региональном отношении ему соответствуют два этапа инверсионных движений на юге Африке, в ходе которых возникло Ангольское куполовидное поднятие и началось формирование плеч Восточно-Африканских рифтов. Последний этап горизонтального растяжения в доминирующем север-северо-восточном направлении связан с процессами, происходящими на юге Танганьикского рифта и восточном побережье Атлантики. Результаты исследований впервые позволили получить представление об основных этапах развития региона, которые впоследствии будут уточняться на основании большего количества геолого-структурных измерений и данных датирования вмещающих пород.

This paper presents the first results of the geostructural and tectonophysical studies of the crustal stress state in the Catoca kimberlite pipe area at the southwestern flank of the Kasai Shield in the northeasternAngola. In the evolution of the crustal stress state, six main stages are distinguished by analyzing the displacements of markers, fold hinges, long axes of boudins, granite dikes of various intrusion phases and kimberlites, as well as fractures with striations. For each of these stages, a dominating horizontal tectonic stress and its orientation is identified. During stage 1 (NW extension and shearing) and at the beginning of stage 2 (NW compression), structures formed in the host rocks in brittle-plastic conditions. The replacement of plastic deformation by faulting could occur about 530–510 Ma ago, when the continental crust ofAfricahad completely formed. Stage 3 (radial, mainly NW extension) and stage 4 (shearing, NW extension, and NE compression) were the most important for kimberlite occurrence: in the Early Cretaceous, radial extension was replaced by shearing. Both stages are related to opening of the central segment of theSouth Atlantic. The main kimberlite magmas occurred during the break-up of the Angola-Brazilian segment of Gondwana. In the course of all the four stages, stress was mainly released by the NE- and E-NE-striking faults and, to a lesser extent, by the NW-striking and latitudinal faults. The initial stage of kimberlite magmatism is associated with the NE- and E-NE-striking faults due to the presence of the Precambrian zones of flow and schistosity, which facilitated the NW-trending subhorizontal extension. Stage 5 (NE compression) began in the second half of the Cretaceous and possibly lasted until the end of the Paleogene, and compression occurred mainly along the NW-striking faults. Regionally, it corresponds to two stages of inversion movements in the southern regions of Africa, during which theAngoladome-shaped uplift emerged and the shoulders of the East African rifts began to take shape. Stage 6 (horizontal extension, mainly in the N-NE direction) is related to the processes that took place in the southern segment of theTanganyikarift and the eastern coast of theAtlantic. Based on the results of our studies, it became for the first time possible to get an idea of the main stages in the evolution of the studied region. Further geostructural measurements and dating of the host rocks will provide for a more precise definition of the proposed stages.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.