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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2018-9-3-0363</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РЕОЛОГИЯ СРЕДЫ В МЕЖБЛОКОВЫХ СЕЙСМОАКТИВНЫХ РАЗЛОМАХ КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ЛИТОСФЕРЫ – КЛЮЧ К ГЕНЕРАЦИИ СИЛЬНЕЙШИХ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE RHEOLOGY OF THE GEOLOGICAL MEDIUM OF INTERBLOCK SEISMICALLY ACTIVE FAULTS IN THE CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE: A KEY TO UNDERSTANDING THE GENERATION OF THE STRONGEST EARTHQUAKES IN CENTRAL ASIA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шерман</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherman</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семен Иойнович Шерман, академик Российской академии естественных наук, доктор геолого-минералогических наук, профессор, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semen I. Sherman, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute of the Earth’s Crust</p><p>128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ssherman@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Алексеевна Горбунова, кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Gorbunova, Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Junior Researcher128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smallwizard@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>571</fpage><lpage>586</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шерман С.И., Горбунова Е.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шерман С.И., Горбунова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sherman S.I., Gorbunova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/616">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/616</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема прогноза землетрясений остается по-прежнему актуальной. Особый интерес вызывают сильные сейсмические события с магнитудой М≥8. Землетрясения такой силы рассматриваются как результат крупноамплитудных смещений контактирующих блоков вдоль плоскости разрыва. При этом физические параметры генерации очагов землетрясений оцениваются на основе представлений о разрушении твердых тел. В статье предлагается новая тектонофизическая модель очагов сильных землетрясений в континентальной литосфере. В предлагаемой модели очаг землетрясения рассматривается как тело, реологические свойства которого меняются с течением времени с момента его зарождения до реализации и последующей релаксации среды. Предполагается, что в процессе развития и роста очага будущего сейсмического события существенно меняются физические свойства вмещающих горных пород – уменьшается вязкость и относительная сдвиговая прочность. При этом непосредственно в момент сильного землетрясения вязкость среды в его очаге принимает минимальные значения, благоприятные для возникновения высокоамплитудной межблоковой подвижки в условиях существующего регионального напряжения и неменяющихся геодинамических факторов. Снижению вязкости способствует увеличение длины разрыва, что приводит к ослаблению среды и уменьшению ее прочностных свойств. Предполагается, что вязкость горных пород в очаге в момент землетрясения должна быть существенно ниже динамической вязкости литосферы и не менее чем на один-два порядка ниже вязкости межблоковой сейсмоактивной среды, вмещающей очаг. Наиболее вероятно, что вязкость среды в очаге сейсмического события в момент его реализации составляет 1017–1019 Па·с. Такой подход, при котором в физику очага землетрясения вводится параметр вязкости, а в процесс его формирования и реализации – фактор времени, может оказаться существенным шагом, приближающим к возможности прогноза сильнейших сейсмических событий с магнитудой М≥8.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of earthquake forecasting remains challenging, especially considering strong seismic events (M≥8). Strong earthquakes occur most often along the fault planes due to large-amplitude displacements of the contacting blocks. In such cases, the physical parameters of the earthquake foci generation process are estimated on the basis of the concepts describing the destruction of solids. In this paper, we present a new tectonophysical model of strong earthquake foci in the continental lithosphere. In this model, an earthquake focus is viewed as a body whose rheological properties are changing over time throughout the entire seismic period, including the moment of the seismic event initiation, its occurrence and the subsequent stress release in of the geological medium. In the period when a future earthquake source develops and grows, the physical properties of the host rocks are assumed to change substantially, and both the viscosity and the relative shear strength decreases. At the moment of time when a strong earthquake takes place, the viscosity of the rocks in its focus is at its minimum value and thus favorable for high-amplitude interblock shearing under the current regional stress and unchanged geodynamic factors. A decrease in the viscosity is facilitated by an increase in the fault length and leads to weakening of the geological medium and decreases its strength properties. When the earthquake occurs, the viscosity of the rocks in its source is assumed significantly lower than the dynamic viscosity of the lithosphere and not less than one or two orders below the viscosity of the interblock seismically active medium containing the source. It is most likely that at the moment of time when an earthquake takes place, the viscosity in its source is 1017–1019 Pa·s. In our approach, the parameter of viscosity is introduced into the physics of earthquake foci, and the time factor is taken into account when studying the process of earthquake preparation and occurrence, which can be an important step to gaining more knowledge for forecasting of the strongest seismic events (M≥8).</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сильное землетрясение</kwd><kwd>физика очага землетрясения</kwd><kwd>реология</kwd><kwd>вязкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>strong earthquake</kwd><kwd>physics of earthquake foci</kwd><kwd>rheology</kwd><kwd>viscosity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aki K., 1966. Estimation of earthquake moment released energy and stress-strain drop from G-wave spectrum. 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