References

gtcrust

Геодинамика и тектонофизика

Geodynamics & Tectonophysics

2078-502X

Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch

10.5800/GT-2018-9-2-0350

gtcrust-577

Research Article

ПАЛЕОГЕОДИНАМИКА

PALEOGEODYNAMICS

ГЛУБИННОЕ СТРОЕНИЕ И МОДЕЛЬ НЕОАРХЕЙСКОЙ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ СЕВЕРО‐АМЕРИКАНСКОГО КРАТОНА

DEEP CRUSTAL STRUCTURE AND MODEL OF NEORCHAEAN EVOLUTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CRATON

Минц

М. В.

Mints

M. V.

докт. геол.-мин. наук, зав. лабораторией,

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7

Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Head of Laboratory,

7 Pyzhevsky Lane 7, Moscow 119017

michael-mints@yandex.ru

Афонина

Т. Б.

Afonina

T. B.

ведущий инженер,

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7

Lead Engineer,

7 Pyzhevsky Lane 7, Moscow 119017

afoninatoma@yandex.ru

Геологический институт РАНРоссияGeological Institute of RASRussian Federation

2018

02072018

92309363

2018

Минц М.В., Афонина Т.Б.

Mints M.V., Afonina T.B.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/577

Cтроение архейской коры Северной Америки представлено на базе синтеза геолого‐геофизической информации (сейсмопрофили программы LITHOPROBE, карты аномальных магнитного и гравитационного полей, данные сейсмотомографических исследований литосферы). В своей работе авторы опирались на опыт, полученный при изучении Восточно‐Европейского кратона в рамках российской программы глубинных геолого‐геофизических исследований. Ювенильная неоархейская кора, содержащая фрагменты переработанной мезопалеоархейской коры, заключена в асимметричной округло‐овальной области, где распределение геофизических, структурно‐тектонических и метаморфических характеристик подчинено концентрической зональности. Центральная зона охватывает впадину Гудзонова залива. В строении Внутренней зоны (северо‐восточная и северная часть провинции Сьюпириор) преобладают плутонические, вулканогенные и осадочные породы, сформированные и/или метаморфизованные в условиях гранулитовой фации. Внешняя зона охватывает южную часть провинции Сьюпириор и провинции Херн и Рэй. В статье представлена трехмерная модель глубинного строения южной части провинции Сьюпириор. Формирование коры в южной части провинции Сьюпириор стало результатом рифтинга и частичного разрыва континентальной коры, кратковременного раскрытия линейных океанов, последовательной субдукции в северном направлении и аккреции древних континентальных фрагментов и неоархейских океанических и островодужных террейнов между ~2.78 и ~2.70 млрд лет. Последующие события в эпиконтинентальной обстановке, в том числе формирование метаосадочных поясов, метаморфизм гранулитовой фации и интенсивное рудообразование, заключены в интервале от ~2.71 до ~2.63 млрд лет. Литосферу Северной Америки в границах архейского континента можно представить в виде уплощенного перевернутого конуса, вершина которого (литосферный киль) расположена на глубине ~350 км. Впадина Гудзонова залива располагается непосредственно над литосферным килем. Ряд главных особенностей строения и эволюции архейской коры Северо‐Американского кратона, прежде всего овально‐концентрическая зональность, важная роль высокотемпературных магматических и метаморфических процессов, преимущественно внутриконтинентальные обстановки магматизма и осадконакопления, указывает на ведущую роль процессов мантийно‐плюмового типа. Модель неоархейской эволюции Северо‐Американского кратона демонстрирует ведущую роль процессов мантийно‐плюмового типа, относящихся к классу суперплюмов. Неоархейский кратон Северной Америки является одним из наиболее ярких в ряду близких по содержанию объектов, зафиксированных практически на всех континентах ~2.75 млрд лет назад. К числу их важнейших особенностей относятся: 1) синхронность формирования в интервале между 2.79 и 2.58 млрд лет; 2) преимущественно внутриконтинентальное развитие; 3) преобладание овальных в плане синформных тектонических структур различного ранга с той или иной формой концентрической зональности; 4) высокотемпературный магматизм (как правило, с участием эндербит‐чарнокитов и габброанортозитов) и метаморфизм гранулитовой фации; 5) часто повторяющееся сочетание ассоциаций горных пород высокого уровня метаморфизма (гранулитовой и высокотемпературной амфиболитовой фации) и низкого – умеренного метаморфизма, зеленосланцевой и эпидот‐амфиболитовой фации; 6) наличие нижнекорового гранулит‐базитового слоя, сформированного и деформированного на заключительной стадии эндогенной активности; 7) мощная литосфера, максимальная глубина которой в области литосферного киля достигает 250–350 км.

The structure of the Archaean crust of the North America has been studied based on the synthesis of geolo‐ gical and geophysical data, including seismic sections along LITHOPROBE Geotransects, magnetic and gravity anomaly maps, and seismic tomography data. The authors rely on the experience gained in the Russian Program of the deep geological and geophysical studies of the East European Craton. The juvenile Neoarchaean crust, containing the frag‐ ments of reworked Meso‐ and Paleoarchaean rocks, forms an asymmetric round‐oval‐shaped domain, wherein the geophysical, structural, and metamorphic parameters display a concentric zoning pattern. The Central zone occupies the Hudson Bay basin. The Internal zone (the northeastern and northern Superior Province) is mainly composed of the granulite facies of metaplutonic, metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. The External zone encompasses the southern Superior Province together with Hearne and Rae Provinces. This paper presents 3D crustal models of sou‐ thern Superior Province. The crust development resulted from rifting and a partial disruption of the continental crust, short‐term opening of the linear oceans, successive northward subduction and accretion of the ancient continental and juvenile Neoarchaean oceanic and island‐arc terranes between ~2.78 and ~2.70 Ga. Subsequent events in the epicontinental environment, including formation of the metasedimentary belts, granulite facies metamorphism and intense ore formation processes, took place within the range from ~2.71 to ~2.63 Ga. The SCLM morphology within the limits of the Archaean North American Craton can be represented as a flattened overturned cone with a vertical axis (down to a depth of ~350 km). The Hudson Bay basin is located right above the lithospheric keel. A number of the main features of the structure and evolution of the Archaean crust of the North American Craton, primarily the oval‐ concentric zoning, the important role of high‐temperature magmatic and metamorphic processes and mainly in‐ tracontinental magmatism and sedimentation, indicates the leading role of the mantle‐plume type processes. The Neoarchaean evolution of the North American craton represents the plate‐tectonic processes initiated by a super‐ plume. The Neoarchaean North American Craton is one of a series of similar phenomena that occurred ~2.75 Ga ago in a number of continental regions. The most important features, repeated to a certain degree in tectonic units of this type, are: (1) synchronous formation between 2.79 and 2.58 Ga; (2) mainly intracontinental development; (3) the prevalence of oval‐shaped synformal tectonic structures of different ranks with some form of concentric zoning; (4) high‐temperature magmatism (usually with the participation of enderbite‐charnockites and gabbro‐anorthosites) and metamorphism of the granulite facies; (5) a frequently repeated combination of high‐grade (granulite and high‐ temperature amphibolites facies) and low‐ or moderate‐grade (greenschist and epidote‐amphibolite facies) meta‐ morphic rocks; (6) the lower‐crust granulite‐basaltic layer that had formed and was deformed at the final stage of endogenic activity; (7) a thick lithosphere (the lithospheric keel reaches a depth of 250–350 km).

Северо‐Американский кратонпровинция СьюпириорLITHOPROBEсейсмопрофилирование отраженных волнобъемные модели корынеоархеймантийно‐плюмовая модель

North American CratonSuperior ProvinceLITHOPROBEreflection seismics3D model of the crustNeoarchaeanmantle‐plume evolution model

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.