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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2013-4-2-0093</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-55</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДЕФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ВОЛНЫ КАК ТРИГГЕРНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ В СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИХ ЗОНАХ КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ЛИТОСФЕРЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DEFORMATION WAVES AS A TRIGGER MECHANISM OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN SEISMIC ZONES OF THE CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шерман</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherman</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик Российской академии естественных наук, докт. геол.мин. наук, профессор, г.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences,Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Professor, Chief Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ssherman@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шерман С.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шерман С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sherman S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/55">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/55</self-uri><abstract><p>Деформационные волны как триггерный механизм сейсмической активности и миграции очагов отдельных землетрясений более пятидесяти лет является предметом дискуссии в сейсмологии и геодинамике. В статье известные принципиальные данные о воздействии волновых процессов на сейсмичность и новые материалы сгруппированы в пять разделов. В первом дан обзор аналитических и экспериментальных исследований по выявлению взаимосвязей между волновыми процессами в литосфере и сейсмической активностью, проявляющейся в формах пространственно-временных миграций отдельных очагов землетрясений или их групп. Проведена систематизация многообразия в наименованиях волн в литосфере, стимулирующих сейсмический процесс, в единое ёмкое по содержанию наименование, чаще всего используемое различными авторами, – деформационные волны.</p><p>Второй раздел содержит описание деформационных волн как триггерных механизмов при сейсмическом процессе. Сделан вывод о функционировании разнообразных методов выделения деформационных волн, базирующихся на разных методиках исследований и, естественно, обладающих неодинаковой чувствительностью к обнаружению волн и/или их воздействию на сейсмический процесс. Эпицентры редких сильных землетрясений группируются в своеобразные линейные или дугообразные системы, объединяющим критерием которых является общий временной интервал свершения событий. Системы на местности формируют подобные последовательно расположенные зоны, корреспондирующие с физическим понятием движущихся волн (рис. 9). Их периоды оцениваются миллионами лет, что усложняет прямое решение вопроса о наличии волн и их параметрах. В геодинамике и сейсмологии пока другого выхода нет.</p><p>Решение о фиксировании деформационных волн в литосфере предложено в третьем разделе статьи. Принимая во внимание, что все землетрясения с М≥3.0 приурочены к зонам разломов, автор кратко излагает методику оценки пространственно-временной закономерности локализации эпицентров в областях динамического влияния разломов. Методика позволяет оценить превалирующее направление миграции эпицентров, соответствующее фазовой скорости деформационной волны, нарушающей метастабильное состояние разломно-блоковой среды, возникновению подвижки между контактирующими блоками и, соответственно, сейсмического события (рис. 14). Интеграция векторов миграций эпицентров по активным разломам воспроизводит картину векторов движений деформационных волн в сейсмических зонах континентальной литосферы (рис. 18).</p><p>В последующих двух разделах проанализированы региональные и трансрегиональные деформационные волны. Установлены векторы деформационных волн сейсмических зон Центральной Азии, дана схема их региональной ориентировки, и оценены основные параметры – длина и период (рис. 19). Выделены три глубинных уровня деформационных волн, соответственно охватывающих всю литосферу, ее верхний хрупкий слой и верхнюю часть хрупкого слоя (рис. 20).</p><p>Сделан вывод о том, что ведущим фактором последовательного, закономерного в пространстве и времени накопления очагов землетрясений в сейсмической зоне являются воздействующие на геофизическую среду деформационные волны. Такое понимание базовой основы сейсмического процесса требует его более глубокого обоснования на фоне известных современных представлений, его обновленной феноменологической концепции и построения модели сейсмической зоны как самостоятельной геолого-геофизической структуры литосферы с отчетливо выраженными свойствами, позволяющими тестировать ее на предмет возможностей прогноза землетрясений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Deformation waves as a trigger mechanism of seismic activity and migration of earthquake foci have been under discussion by researchers in seismology and geodynamics for over 50 years. Four sections of this article present available principal data on impacts of wave processes on seismicity and new data. The first section reviews analytical and experimental studies aimed at identification of relationships between wave processes in the lithosphere and seismic activity manifested as space-and-time migration of individual earthquake foci or clusters of earthquakes. It is concluded that with a systematic approach, instead of using a variety of terms to denote waves that trigger seismic process in the lithosphere, it is reasonable to apply the concise definition of ‘deformation waves’, which is most often used in fact.</p><p>The second section contains a description of deformation waves considered as the trigger mechanism of seismic activity. It is concluded that a variety of methods are applied to identify deformation waves, and such methods are based on various research methods and concepts that naturally differ in sensitivity concerning detection of waves and/or impact of the waves on seismic process. Epicenters of strong earthquakes are grouped into specific linear or arc-shaped systems, which common criterion is the same time interval of the occurrence of events under analysis. On site the systems compose zones with similar time sequences, which correspond to the physical notion of moving waves (Fig. 9). Periods of manifestation of such waves are estimated as millions of years, and a direct consideration of the presence of waves and wave parameters is highly challenging. In the current state-of-the-art, geodynamics and seismology cannot provide any other solution yet.</p><p>The third section presents a solution considering record of deformation waves in the lithosphere. With account of the fact that all the earthquakes with М≥3.0 are associated with fault zones, a brief description of the method for assessment of spatial and temporal regularities in locations of earthquake epicentres in zones of dynamic influence of faults is provided. The method can be applied to estimate a dominating direction of movement of the epicentres, which corresponds to the phase velocity of the deformation wave disturbing meta-stability of the fault-block medium, leading to displacement of neighbouring blocks and thus causing a seismic event (Fig. 14). By integration of vectors of migration of epicentres at active faults, it is possible to demonstrate a pattern of vectors of movements of the deformation waves in the seismic zones of the continental lithosphere (Fig. 18).</p><p>Regional and trans-regional deformation waves are analyzed. For seismic zones of Central Asia, vectors of deformation waves are established, a scheme showing regional orientations of the waves is developed, and main wave parameters (length and time period) are estimated (Fig. 19). Three depth levels of deformation waves are distinguished: the whole lithosphere, the upper brittle part of the lithosphere, and the top part of the brittle layer (Fig. 20).</p><p>It is concluded that the leading factor of gradual accumulation of earthquake foci, which takes place regularly in space and time in seismic zones, are deformation waves that influence the geophysical medium. This understanding of the fundamental basis of seismic process needs to be more thoroughly justified with application of modern concepts, its revised phenomenological concept and development of a model representing a seismic zones as a geologically and geophysically independent structure of the lithosphere, which has its specific properties, based on which testing of the lithosphere becomes possible for purposes of potential earthquake prediction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>волны</kwd><kwd>деформационные волны</kwd><kwd>глубинные уровни</kwd><kwd>векторы</kwd><kwd>параметры</kwd><kwd>землетрясения</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>эпицентры</kwd><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>сейсмическая зона</kwd><kwd>разломы</kwd><kwd>сегменты</kwd><kwd>литосфера</kwd><kwd>разломно-блоковая структура</kwd><kwd>метастабильное состояние</kwd><kwd>сейсмология</kwd><kwd>геодинамика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>waves</kwd><kwd>deformation waves</kwd><kwd>depth levels</kwd><kwd>vectors</kwd><kwd>parameters</kwd><kwd>earthquakes</kwd><kwd>earthquake prediction</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>seismic zones</kwd><kwd>faults</kwd><kwd>segments</kwd><kwd>lithosphere</kwd><kwd>fault-block structure</kwd><kwd>meta-stability</kwd><kwd>seismology</kwd><kwd>geodynamics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adushkin V.V., Spivak A.A., 2012. 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