gtcrustГеодинамика и тектонофизикаGeodynamics & Tectonophysics2078-502XInstitute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch10.5800/GT-2018-9-1-0341gtcrust-525Research ArticleСОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКАRECENT GEODYNAMICSТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЕ АНОМАЛИИ ПЕРЕД ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЕМ В ПРОВИНЦИИ ГОРКХА (НЕПАЛ) В 2015 Г., УСТАНОВЛЕННЫЕ ПО ЗНАЧЕНИЯМ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ЗЕМЛИ MODIS И УХОДЯЩЕГО ДЛИННОВОЛНОВОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯTHERMAL ANOMALIES PRIOR TO THE 2015 GORKHA (NEPAL) EARTHQUAKE FROM MODIS LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATIONSШахМунаварShahMunawar

Сваби.

Swabi.

shahmunawar1@gmail.comХанМаджидKhanMajid

Пекин.

Beijing.

 

majidktk.000@gmail.comУллахХавизUllahHafeez

Исламабад.

Islamabad.

АлиСаджадAliSajjad

Исламабад.

Islamabad.

Университет для женщин.ПакистанWomen University.PakistanУниверситет Китайской академии наук.КитайUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences.ChinaУниверситет Каид-и Азам.ПакистанQuaid-i-Azam University University.Pakistan20182203201891123138Copyright © Шах М., Хан М., Уллах Х., Али С., 20182018Шах М., Хан М., Уллах Х., Али С.Shah M., Khan M., Ullah H., Ali S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/525

Землетрясения способны создавать тепловые аномалии в атмосфере на малых высотах. Такие аномалии могут рассматриваться в качестве вероятного предвестника при прогнозирования землетрясений, в связи с чем требуются целенаправленные детальные исследования. На сегодня знаний о тепловых аномалиях, появляющихся перед землетрясениями, недостаточно. В статье представлены результаты изучения термических аномалий, имевших место перед землетрясением в провинции Горкха (Непал) (Mw=7.8) 25 апреля 2015 г., как свидетельствуют значения температуры поверхности Земли, зарегистрированные сканирующими спектрорадиометрами среднего разрешения MODIS, а также данные о температуре атмосферного воздуха и уходящего длинноволнового излучения (OLR). Метод вейвлет-преобразования в двух- и трехмерном пространстве использован для интерпретации повышения суточных значений MODIS и OLR в реальном времени накануне землетрясения. По спектральной плотности накануне реального сейсмического события установлены аномальные значения MODIS и OLR, связанные с приближением этого землетрясения. Пространственные снимки MODIS и OLR показывают эволюционирующий характер эманации ионов из эпицентра и прилегающей области. Наиболее важной особенностью, выявленной посредством пространственного анализа, следует считать миграцию температурных облаков в восточном направлении вследствие усилившегося электрического поля. Спутниковые данные LST показывают отклонение от верхней границы значений на 5 °C. Все наблюдения в нашем исследовании подтверждают понятие тепловых аномалий накануне землетрясения. Исходя из анализа результатов, можно сделать вывод, что избыток ионов из сейсмогенной зоны обусловливает появление больших температурных возмущений в слоях атмосферы.

Earthquakes can generate thermal anomalies in the atmosphere at low altitudes. Pending well-focused detailed studies, such phenomenon may be referred to as a precursor for earthquake prediction. However, today the pre-earthquake thermal anomalies are not clear enough. In this paper, the thermal anomalies prior to the April 25, 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake are investigated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST), air temperature and Outgoing Longwave Radiations (OLR) data. The 2D and 3D wavelet transformation techniques are used to interpret the real time enhancement of the daily MODIS and OLR data before the impending earthquake. Using the wavelet density spectrum, pre-earthquake anomalies in MODIS and OLR are found in connection to the impending earthquake. The spatial images of MODIS and OLR show the evolutionary pattern of the emanation of ions from the epicenter and the surrounding area. The most important feature revealed by the spatial analysis is the eastward migration of temperature clouds due to a strong electric field. The satellite based LST data showed deviation, which crosses the upper bound by 5 °C. All the observations in our case study strongly support the notion of pre-earthquake thermal anomalies. Based on the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the overabundance of ions from the seismogenic zone is responsible for prompting large temperature perturbations in atmospheric layers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.