gtcrustГеодинамика и тектонофизикаGeodynamics & Tectonophysics2078-502XInstitute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch10.5800/GT-2018-9-1-0337gtcrust-520Research ArticleПАЛЕОГЕОДИНАМИКАPALEOGEODYNAMICSСИНРИФТОВЫЕ ПЕСЧАНИКИ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВАЛОВОГО ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА И ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ НА ДИСКРИМИНАНТНЫХ ПАЛЕОГЕОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ДИАГРАММАХSYN-RIFT SANDSTONЕS: THE FEATURES OF BULK CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS, AND POSITIONS ON PALEOGEODYNAMIC DISCRIMINANT DIAGRAMSМасловА. В.MaslovA. V.

Андрей Викторович Маслов, докт. геол.-мин. наук, член-корреспондент РАН, зав. лабораторией. 

Екатеринбург.

 

 Andrei V. Maslov, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of Laboratory. 

 

amas2004@mail.ruПодковыровВ. Н.PodkovyrovV. N.

Виктор Николаевич Подковыров, докт. геол.-мин. наук, зав. лабораторией. 

Санкт-Петербург.

 

Victor N. Podkovyrov, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Head of Laboratory.

St. Petersburg.

vpodk@mail.ruГареевЭ. З.GareevE. Z.

Эмир Зуфарович Гареев, канд. геол.-мин. наук, с.н.с.   

Уфа.

Emir Z. Gareev, Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Researcher.

Ufa.

emirgareev2015@yandex.ruСергееваН. Д.SergeevaN. D.

Нина Дмитриевна Сергеева, канд. геол.-мин. наук, в.н.с. 

Уфа.

Nina D. Sergeeva, Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Lead Researcher.Ufa.

riphey@ufaras.ruИнститут геологии и геохимии им. академика А.Н. Заварицкого УрО РАН; Институт геологии УНЦ РАН.РоссияA.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of RAS; Institute of Geology, Ufa Scientific Centre of RAS.Russian FederationИнститут геологии и геохронологии докембрия РАН.РоссияInstitute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology of RAS.Russian FederationИнститут геологии УНЦ РАН.РоссияInstitute of Geology, Ufa Scientific Centre of RAS.Russian Federation201821032018915980Copyright © Маслов А.В., Подковыров В.Н., Гареев Э.З., Сергеева Н.Д., 20182018Маслов А.В., Подковыров В.Н., Гареев Э.З., Сергеева Н.Д.Maslov A.V., Podkovyrov V.N., Gareev E.Z., Sergeeva N.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/520

Для интерпретации палеогеодинамических обстановок формирования терригенных толщ с начала 1980-х годов активно привлекаются данные о валовом химическом составе песчаников и глинистых образований. Опубликован ряд дискриминантных диаграмм, широко вошедших в практику региональных исследований (например, K2O/Na2O–SiO2/Al2O3 [Maynard et al., 1982], (Fe2O3*+MgO)–K2O/Na2O и другие [Bhatia, 1983], SiO2–K2O/Na2O [Roser, Korsch, 1986], (K2O+Na2O)–SiO2/20–(TiO2+Fe2O3+MgO) [Kroonenberg, 1994] и др. Они дают возможность с той или иной «долей соответствия» отнести терригенные породы к образованиям нескольких палеогеодинамических обстановок: пассивных и активных континентальных окраин, океанических и континентальных вулканических дуг. В 2000-х годах предложены диаграммы DF1–DF2 [Verma, Armstrong-Altrin, 2013], на которых впервые появилась область составов, свойственных рифтогенным обстановкам. В статье проанализированы материалы по валовому химическому составу песчаников ряда интракратонных рифтов, рифтов, сформированных при распаде суперконтинентов Коламбия и Гондвана, а также рифтов, приуроченных к вулканическим дугам и связанных с коллапсом коллизионных орогенов (например, пермские песчаники формации Malužiná, Западные Карпаты). К их числу относятся псаммиты неопротерозойской серии Uinta Mountain (США), песчаники меловой формации Omdurman Хартумского бассейна (Судан), силикокластические образования бассейна Калахари (Восточно-Африканская рифтовая зона), отложения надсерии Vindhyan (Индия), уйской серии неопротерозоя Учуро-Майского региона (Юго-Восточная Сибирь), мезонеопротерозойской серии Banxi (Южный Китай), мезопротерозойской надсерии Белт-Перселл (США), серий Oronto и Bayfield рифтовой области Мидконтинента (США), а также псаммиты айской и машакской свит и метаосадочные образования аршинской серии верхнего докембрия Южного Урала. Рассмотрено: 1) положение полей составов песчаников на классификационной диаграмме log(SiO2/Al2O3)–log(Na2O/K2O) и диаграмме F1–F2, дающей представление о возможном составе комплексов пород – источников обломочного материала; 2) положение полей составов песчаников, а также средних значений ряда индикаторных отношений и дискриминантных функций, на диаграммах K2O/Na2O–SiO2/Al2O3, F3–F4, SiO2–K2O/Na2O и DF1–DF2. Анализ полученных результатов позволяет видеть следующее: 1) поля синрифтовых песчаников характеризуются широким разбросом значений log(SiO2/Al2O3) (0.4…3.5) и log(Na2O/K2O) (~0.2…6.0 и более). Ряд из них вообще не укладываются в типовые области классификационной диаграммы Ф.Дж. Петтиджона с соавторами. Это дает основание считать, что состав синрифтовых песчаников может быть весьма различным, так как контролируется значительным числом факторов. Диаграмма Дж. Мейнарда с соавторами не пригодна для отнесения тех или иных песчаниковых ассоциаций к категории синрифтовых псаммитов. На диаграммах М. Бхатиа и К. Крука, а также Б. Розера и Р. Корша и поля, и средние точки составов синрифтовых песчаников в основном расположены в области пассивных континентальных окраин, что делает невозможным их использование для отнесения тех или иных песчаниковых ассоциаций к категории «синрифтовых песчаников». Напротив, на высококремнистой диаграмме DF1–DF2 С. Верма и Дж. Армстронга-Алтрина ~80 % объектов из нашего банка данных локализованы в области составов, свойственных именно рифтогенным обстановкам. Это хорошо соотносится и с авторской оценкой «процента соответствия» для образцов из подобных обстановок (79–85 %). Таким образом, приведенные в статье данные показывают, что наиболее приемлемой дискриминантной диаграммой для отнесения тех или иных песчаниковых ассоциаций к категории «синрифтовых» в настоящее время является диаграмма С. Верма и Дж. Армстронга-Алтрина.

From the early 1980s, the data on the bulk chemical composition of sandstones and mudstones are actively involved for interpretation of the paleogeodynamic settings for sedimentary sequences. Discriminant diagrams such as K2O/Na2O–SiO2/Al2O3 [Maynard et al., 1982], (Fe2O3*+MgO)–K2O/Na2O and others [Bhatia, 1983], SiO2–K2O/Na2O [Roser, Korsch, 1986], (K2O+Na2O)–SiO2/20–(TiO2+Fe2O3+MgO) [Kroonenberg, 1994] etc., are now widely used in regional investigations to classify terrigenous rocks from several paleogeodynamic settings (passive and active continental margins, oceanic and continental volcanic arcs etc.) with a certain ‘percentage of consistency’. The first diagrams DF1–DF2 for syn-rift compositions were published in the early 2010s [Verma, Armstrong-Altrin, 2013]. This article analyzes the bulk chemical compositions of syn-rift sandstones from intracratonic rifts and rifts formed during the break-up of the Columbia and Gondwana supercontinents, rifts within volcanic arcs and related to the collapse of collision orogens (for example, Permian sandstones of the Malužiná formation, Western Carpathians, Slovakia). Our database includes the Neoproterozoic Uinta Mountain Group (USA), the Cretaceous Omdurman formation of the Khartoum Basin (Sudan), the siliciclastic deposits of the Kalahari Basin (East African rift zone), the sandstones of the Vindhyan Supergroup (India), the Neoproterozoic Ui Group of the Uchur-Maya region (Southeast Siberia), the Meso-Neoproterozoic Banxi Group (Southern China), the Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Supergroup (USA), the Oronto and Bayfield Groups of the Midcontinent (USA), as well as the sandstones of the Upper Precambrian Ai and Mashak formations, and the metasedimentary rocks of the Arsha Group (Southern Urals). The article examines: (1) the position of the syn-rift sandstone compositions (fields) on the log(SiO2/Al2O3)–log(Na2O/K2O) classification diagram and the F1–F2 diagram, which gives the possible composition of the catchment areas rocks; (2) the position of the syn-rift sandstone compositions, as well as the average values of various indicator ratios and discriminant functions, in the K2O/Na2O–SiO2/Al2O3, F3–F4, SiO2–K2O/Na2O and DF1–DF2 diagrams. The analysis of the results shows that the fields of the syn-rift sandstones are characterized by a wide dispersion of log(SiO2/Al2O3) (0.4…3.5) and log(Na2O/K2O) values (~0.2…6.0 and more). A number of the values do not fit into the typical areas on the classification diagram of F.J. Pettijohn et al., which suggests that the syn-rift sandstones vary considerably in composition that is controlled by a significant number of factors. The diagram of J. Maynard et al. is not suitable for assigning certain sandstone associations to the ‘syn-rift sandstones’ category. In the diagrams of M. Bhatia and K. Crook, as well as those of B. Roser and R. Korsch, the fields and mean points of the syn-rift sandstones are mainly located in the area of passive continental margins; thus, these diagrams can not be used to classify the syn-rift sandstone associations. Contrariwise, on the high-silica DF1–DF2 diagram [Verma, Armstrong-Altrin, 2013], ~80 % of the objects from our database are localized in the field of syn-rift compositions and show a good correlation with the ‘percentage of consistency’ evaluated by the authors for the samples from similar settings (79–85 %). Thus, according to the data presented in the article, the DF1–DF2 diagram is the most rational and acceptable discriminant diagram for assigning certain sandstone associations to the ‘syn-rift infilling’ category.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.