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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2014-5-2-0134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-46</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>УСКОРЕННЫЙ СИНЕРГИЗМ ВДОЛЬ РАЗЛОМА: ВОЗМОЖНЫЙ ИНДИКАТОР НЕИЗБЕЖНОГО КРУПНОГО ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ACCELERATED SYNERGISM ALONG A FAULT: A POSSIBLE INDICATOR FOR AN IMPENDING MAJOR EARTHQUAKE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзинь</surname><given-names>Ма</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Ma</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик Китайской академии наук, геолог, тектонофизик Государственная центральная лаборатория геодинамики Земли, Институт геологии, Администрация по землетрясениям Китая 100029, Пекин, Китай </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Geologist and Tectonophysicist State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029, China</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzjmajin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яншуань</surname><given-names>Гуо</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanshuang</surname><given-names>Guo</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент-исследователь, специалист в области техники и экспериментальной механики Государственная центральная лаборатория геодинамики Земли, Институт геологии, Администрация по землетрясениям Китая 100029, Пекин, Китай </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>National Key Laboratory for Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guoyshig@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шерман</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherman</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик Российской академии естественных наук, докт. геол.мин. наук, профессор, г.н.с. Институт земной коры СО РАН 664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128, Россия Тел.: (3952)428261</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Professor, Chief Researcher Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of RAS 128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia Tel.: (3952)428261</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ssherman@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальная ведущая лаборатория динамики землетрясений, Институт геологии, Администрация Китая по землетрясениям, Пекин, Китай</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Key Laboratory for Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальная ведущая лаборатория динамики землетрясений, Институт геологии, Администрация Китая по землетрясениям, Пекин, Китай</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>assistant researcher, focus on Engineering and experimental mechanics &#13;
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration &#13;
Beijing 100029, China </institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН, Иркутск, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>387–399</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дзинь М., Яншуань Г., Шерман С.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дзинь М., Яншуань Г., Шерман С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jin M., Yanshuang G., Sherman S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/46">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/46</self-uri><abstract><p>Обычно принято считать, что причиной землетрясений земной коры является внезапное смещение вдоль разлома при наличии двух основных условий. Первое условие связано с высоким синергизмом разлома, когда при достижении предельного уровня напряжений отдельные участки разлома очень быстро соединяются друг с другом, способствуя быстрому смещению более длинных участков данного разлома. Второе условие заключается в значительном напряжении, накопленном на отдельных участках разлома, при котором может быть преодолено сопротивление смещению высокопрочных участков разлома. Исследование таких процессов может помочь в выявлении краткосрочных неизбежных предвестников, проявляющихся перед землетрясениями. В лабораторных условиях проводится моделирование состояния нестабильности прямого разлома. Полученные кривые вариаций напряжений позволили установить состояния напряжений модели и выявить стадию метанестабильности. В данной работе проведено сравнение данных, полученных путем наблюдения процесса на модельной установке, с физическими параметрами полей образца и выявлены различия процессов пространственно-временного развития разломных напряжений по стадиям, когда отмечены отклонения напряжений от линейности и метанестабильности. Результаты исследования показали, что вследствие взаимодействия отдельных участков разлома их независимая активность постепенно переходит в синергетическую активность, и такой синергизм является показателем состояния напряжений разлома. Процесс синергетической активности разлома проходит три стадии развития: возникновение небольших участков, где высвобождаются напряжения, расширение и увеличение размеров таких участков высвобождения напряжений и соединение участков, где идет высвобождение напряжений. Первая стадия начинается, когда кривая напряжений отклоняется от линейности, при этом на каждом участке разлома имеют место вариации напряжений, в результате чего появляются отдельные изолированные участки, где происходит высвобождение и накопление напряжений. Вторая стадия связана с квазистатической нестабильностью ранней метанестабильности, когда отдельные участки разлома, где идет высвобождение напряжений, увеличиваются в размерах и продолжается их стабильное расширение. Третья стадия соответствует поздней метанестабильности, т.е. квазидинамической нестабильности, поскольку ускоряются как расширение участков высвобождения напряжений, так и усиление уровня напряжений на участках накопления напряжений. Синергизм ускоряется, когда квазистатические трансформации переходят в квазидинамическое расширение, при этом действует механизм взаимодействия между участками разлома. Суть такой трансформации заключается в изменении  механизма расширения участков – расширение изолированных участков разлома сменяется на слияние таких участков при их взаимодействии, когда разлом входит в критическую стадию потенциального землетрясения. На основе данных, полученных экспериментальным путем и дополненных информацией о пространственно-временной эволюции землетрясений вдоль разлома Лаохушан-Маомаошан в западной части разломной зоны Хайюань в Северо-Восточном Китае, проанализирован процесс синергизма данного разлома перед землетрясением магнитудой 6.2, которое произошло 6 июня 2000 г.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is generally accepted that crustal earthquakes are caused by sudden displacement along faults, which rely on two primary conditions. One is that the fault has a high degree of synergism, so that once the stress threshold is reached, fault segments can be connected rapidly to facilitate fast slip of longer fault sections. The other is sufficient strain accumulated at some portions of the fault which can overcome resistance to slip of the high-strength portions of the fault. Investigations to such processes would help explore how to detect short-term and impending precursors prior to earthquakes. A simulation study on instability of a straight fault is conducted in the laboratory. From curves of stress variations, the stress state of the specimen is recognized and the meta-instability stage is identified. By comparison of the observational information from the press machine and physical parameters of the fields on the sample, this work reveals differences of temporal-spatial evolution processes of fault stress in the stages of stress deviating from linearity and meta-instability. The results show that due to interaction between distinct portions of the fault, their independent activities turn gradually into a synergetic activity, and the degree of such synergism is an indicator for the stress state of the fault. This synergetic process of fault activity includes three stages: generation, expansion and increase amount of strain release patches, and connection between them.. The first stage begins when the stress curve deviates from linearity, different strain variations occur at every portions of the fault, resulting in isolated areas of stress release and strain accumulation. The second stage is associated with quasi-static instability of the early meta-instability when isolated strain release areas of the fault increase and stable expansion proceeds. And the third stage corresponds to the late meta-instability, i.e. quasi-dynamic instability as both the expansion of strain release areas and rise of strain level of strain accumulation areas are accelerated. The synergism is accelerated when the quasi-static expansion transforms into quasi-dynamic expansion, with interaction between fault segments as its mechanism. The essence of such transformation is that the expansion mechanism has changed, i.e. expansion of isolated fault segments is replaced by linkage of the interacting segments when the fault enters the critical state of a potential earthquake. Based on the experimental results, coupled with data on the temporal-spatial evolution of earthquakes along the Laohushan-Maomaoshan fault, west of the Haiyuan fault zone in northwestern China, the synergism process of this fault before the 6 June 2000 M6.2 earthquake is analyzed.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метанестабильность</kwd><kwd>состояние напряжений</kwd><kwd>ускоренный синергизм</kwd><kwd>информация</kwd><kwd>свидетельствующая о неизбежном наступлении землетрясения</kwd><kwd>краткосрочный неизбежный предвестник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>meta-instability stress state</kwd><kwd>accelerated synergism</kwd><kwd>information indicative of sure earthquake occurrence</kwd><kwd>short-term and impending precursor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakun W.H., Lindh A.G., 1985. 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