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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2014-5-2-0133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МАСШТАБНЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ В СЕЙСМОТЕКТОНИКЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SCALE EFFECT IN SEISMOTECTONICS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочарян </surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kocharyan </surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. физ.-мат. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией Институт динамики геосфер РАН 119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 38, корп. 1, Россия Тел.: (495) 939­75­27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Head of Laboratory Institute of Geosphere Dynamics RAS 38 Leninsky prospect, Building 1, Moscow 119334, Russia Tel.: (495)9397527</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gevorgk@idg.chph.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт динамики геосфер РАН, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geosphere Dynamics RAS, Moscow, Russia </institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>353–385</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочарян  Г.Г., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочарян  Г.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kocharyan  G.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/45">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/45</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе собран и проанализирован обширный ряд экспериментальных данных во всем диапазоне масштабов, который относится к сейсмотектонике и геомеханике, – от микрособытий с линейным размером очага порядка нескольких сантиметров до мегаземлетрясений. Рассмотрены закономерности изменения геометрических характеристик разноранговых разломов и трещин и их механических свойств, линейных размеров очага землетрясения, времени подготовки динамического события и сейсмической энергии.</p><p>Усреднение по всему диапазону масштабов дает соотношения, близкие к закону геометрического подобия. Более детальное рассмотрение позволяет обнаружить, что существует несколько иерархических уровней, в которых изменение параметров событий с масштабом происходит по разным законам, зачастую сильно отклоняющимся от законов подобия.</p><p>Показано, что линейные размеры L~500–1000 м являются некоторой переходной областью, которая оказывается границей между двумя диапазонами, в которых масштабные соотношения существенно разные. Следует отличать и шахтную сейсмичность, глубина очагов которой невелика.</p><p>Установлено, что для землетрясений Байкальской рифтовой системы отмечается аномальная тенденция сильного возрастания приведенной энергии, рассчитанной по величине класса события, с увеличением масштаба. В интервале моментных магнитуд от 5 до 6.3 усредненное приведенное значение сейсмической энергии превышает среднемировую величину для этого диапазона, по крайней мере, в 25 раз. Необходимо разобраться, является ли этот эффект артефактом, связанным с некорректным расчетом величины сейсмической энергии, или имеет место не объясненный пока физический эффект.</p><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This publication consolidates and analyses experimental data in a wide range of scales in seismotectonics and geo­mechanics, from a micro-size seismic event (an earthquake focus of a few centimetres) to a mega earthquake. It reviews regularities in changes of geometric parameters of faults and fractures in various ranks, their mechanical properties, linear sizes of earthquake foci, time of preparation of dynamic events, and seismic energy.</p><p>Averaging through the whole range of scales yields ratios close to the law of geometrical similarity. A more detailed consideration gives grounds to conclude that several hierarchic levels can be distinguished and, in different scale, changes of parameters of events follow laws that differ and often deviate from the laws of similarity.</p><p>It is shown that linear sizes, L from ~500 to 1000 m comprise a transitional range that is a border between two ranges characterized by significantly different scale ratios. Seismicity with shallow foci which is associated with mining operations should be noted separately.</p><p>According to energy calculation with reference to categories of seismic events, it is established that earthquakes of the Baikal rift system show an anomalous trend of strongly increasing specific energy with increasing scales. In the range of moment magnitudes from 5 to 6.3, an average specific value of seismic energy is higher than an average global value for the same range at least by a factor of 25. It should be clarified whether such an effect is an artefact related to errors in seismic energy calculations or an actual physical effect that is still unexplained.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>разлом</kwd><kwd>землетрясение</kwd><kwd>очаг</kwd><kwd>сейсмическая энергия</kwd><kwd>сейсмический момент</kwd><kwd>сейсмическая эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fault</kwd><kwd>earthquake</kwd><kwd>focus</kwd><kwd>seismic energy</kwd><kwd>seismic moment</kwd><kwd>seismic effectiveness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abercrombie R.E., 1995. Earthquake source scaling relationships from -1 to 5 ML using seismograms recorded at 2.5-km depth. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (B12), 24015-24036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JB02397.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abercrombie R.E., 1995. 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