gtcrustГеодинамика и тектонофизикаGeodynamics & Tectonophysics2078-502XInstitute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch10.5800/GT-2017-8-1-0234gtcrust-335Research ArticleСОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКАRECENT GEODYNAMICSФакторы, влияющие на затухание сейсмических волн в литосфере в зонах континентального рифтогенезаFactors influencing seismic wave attenuation in the lithosphere in continental rift zonesДобрынинаА. А.DobryninaА. А.

канд. физ.-мат. наук664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128

Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6а

Candidate of Physics and Mathematics128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033

6a Sakhyanova street, Ulan-Ude 670047

dobrynina@crust.irk.ruСаньковВ. А.SankovV. A.

канд. геол.­мин. наук, зав. лабораторией664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128

геологический факультет664003, Иркутск, ул. Ленина, 3

664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 134

Тел.: (3952)427903; e-mail: 

Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Head of Laboratory128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033

Geological Faculty3 Lenin street, Irkutsk 664003

134 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033

Tel. :(3952)427903

sankov@crust.irk.ruДевершерЖ.DéverchèreJ.

Professor, Domaines OcéaniquesPlace Copernic, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané

Professor, Domaines OcéaniquesPlace Copernic, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané

jacques.deverchere@univ-brest.frЧечельницкийВ. В.ChechelnitskyV. V.

канд. геол.-мин. наук, зам. директора по научной работе664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128

Тел.: (3952)427490

Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Deputy Director128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033

chechel@crust.irk.ruИнститут земной коры СО РАН Геологический институт СО РАНРоссияInstitute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of RAS Geological Institute, Siberian Branch of RASRussian FederationИнститут земной коры СО РАН Иркутский государственный университет Иркутский научный центр СО РАНРоссияInstitute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of RAS Irkutsk State University Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of RASRussian FederationInstitut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne OccidentaleФранцияInstitut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne OccidentaleFranceБайкальский филиал ФИЦ ЕГС РАНРоссияBaikal Branch of Federal Research Center Geophysical Survey of RASRussian Federation20172403201781107133Copyright © Добрынина А.А., Саньков В.А., Девершер Ж., Чечельницкий В.В., 20172017Добрынина А.А., Саньков В.А., Девершер Ж., Чечельницкий В.В.Dobrynina А.А., Sankov V.A., Déverchère J., Chechelnitsky V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/335

Проведено исследование затухания сейсмических волн в земной коре и верхней мантии трех крупных рифтовых систем мира: Байкальской рифтовой системы (Евразия), Северо-Танзанийской дивергентной зоны (Африка) и Провинции Бассейнов и Хребтов (Северная Америка). По записям прямых и кода-волн региональных землетрясений с использованием теории однократного рассеяния [Aki, Chouet, 1975], гибридной модели [Zeng, 1991] и подхода [Wennerberg, 1993] рассчитаны значения сейсмической добротности (QC), частотного параметра (n), коэффициента затухания (δ), общего затухания (QT), а также проведена оценка вклада двух компонент затухания – внутреннего затухания (Qi) и затухания вследствие рассеяния на неоднородностях среды (Qsc) – в общее затухание. Значения QC показывают высокую зависимость от частоты в диапазоне 0.2–16.0 Гц и длины окна обработки коды. Наблюдаемое увеличение QC с увеличением длины окна обработки коды может быть интерпретировано как проявление уменьшения затухания с глубиной. Сопоставление глубинных вариаций коэффициента затухания δ и частотного параметра n со скоростным строением регионов говорит о приуроченности изменений в затухании сейсмических волн к скоростным границам в среде. Вместе с тем опыт такого сопоставления показывает, что результаты оценки глубинных вариаций параметров затухания в значительной степени зависят от применяемой скоростной модели среды. Латеральные вариации затухания сейсмических волн коррелируют с геологическими и геофизическими характеристиками регионов, при этом затухание зависит в первую очередь от сейсмической активности и теплового потока региона. Геологическая неоднородность среды и возраст консолидации коры являются факторами второго порядка. Расчет внутреннего затухания (Qi) и затухания вследствие рассеяния сейсмических волн на неоднородностях среды (Qsc) для рассматриваемых рифтовых систем показал, что для всех трех регионов наибольший вклад в общее затухание дает внутреннее затухание. Полученные характеристики затухания сейсмических волн для трех разных рифтовых систем в целом согласуются между собой, что может свидетельствовать о сопоставимых по уровню процессах модификации литосферы в разных рифтовых зонах.

Attenuation of seismic waves in the crust and the upper mantle has been studied in three global rift systems: the Baikal rift system (Eurasia), the North Tanzanian divergence zone (Africa) and the Basin and Range Province (North America). Using the records of direct and coda waves of regional earthquakes, the single scattering theory [Aki, Chouet, 1975], the hybrid model from [Zeng, 1991] and the approach described in [Wennerberg, 1993], we estimated the seismic quality factor (QC), frequency parameter (n), attenuation coefficient (δ), and total attenuation (QT). In addition, we evaluated the contributions of two components into total attenuation: intrinsic attenuation (Qi), and scattering attenuation (Qsc). Values of QC are strongly dependent on the frequency within the range of 0.2–16 Hz, as well as on the length of the coda processing window. The observed increase of QC with larger lengths of the coda processing window can be interpreted as a decrease in attenuation with increasing depth. Having compared the depth variations in the attenuation coefficient (δ) and the frequency (n) with the velocity structures of the studied regions, we conclude that seismic wave attenuation changes at the velocity boundaries in the medium. Moreover, the comparison results show that the estimated variations in the attenuation parameters with increasing depth are considerably dependent on utilized velocity models of the medium. Lateral variations in attenuation of seismic waves correlate with the geological and geophysical characteristics of the regions, and attenuation is primarily dependent on the regional seismic activity and regional heat flow. The geological inhomogeneities of the medium and the age of crust consolidation are secondary factors. Our estimations of intrinsic attenuation (Qi) and scattering attenuation (Qsc) show that in all the three studied regions, intrinsic attenuation is the major contributor to total attenuation. Our study shows that the characteristics of seismic wave attenuation in the three different rift systems are consistent with each other, and this may suggest that the lithosphere in the zones of these different rift systems has been modified to similar levels.

Байкальская рифтовая системаВосточно-Африканская рифтовая системаСеверо-Американская Провинция Бассейнов и Хребтовзатухание сейсмических волнсейсмическая добротностьсейсмичностькода-волнавнутреннее затуханиезатухание на неоднородностях средытепловой потокBaikal rift systemEast African rift systemNorth American Basin and Range Provinceattenuation of seismic wavesseismic quality factorseismicitycoda wavesintrinsic attenuationscattering attenuationheat flowReferencesAbubakirov I.R., Gusev A.A., 1990. Estimation of scattering properties of lithosphere of Kamchatka based on Monte-Carlo simulation of record envelope of a near earthquake. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 64 (1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90005-I.Abubakirov I.R., Gusev A.A., 1990. Estimation of scattering properties of lithosphere of Kamchatka based on Monte-Carlo simulation of record envelope of a near earthquake. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.