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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2016-7-1-0200</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-226</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВОДОРОД ВО ВНЕШНЕМ ЯДРЕ ЗЕМЛИ И ЕГО РОЛЬ  В ГЛУБИННОЙ ГЕОДИНАМИКЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HYDROGEN IN THE EARTH’S OUTER CORE, AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEEP EARTH GEODYNAMICS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, с.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Chemistry, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ya.valerrum@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Геологический институт РАН, 119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Geological Institute of RAS, 7 Pyzhevsky Lane, Moscow 119017, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Румянцев В.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцев В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/226">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/226</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе зависимости плотности железа (основного компонента ядра) от количества растворенного в нем водорода и наиболее вероятного нахождения его во внешнем ядре Земли в форме гидрида железа, а также наличия резких скачков плотности вещества на границах внешнего жидкого ядра с внутренним твердым (лишенным примеси водорода) ядром и с мантией произведена приближенная количественная оценка содержания водорода в названной оболочке. Согласно проведенному расчету, содержание водорода во внешнем жидком ядре меняется от 0.67 мас. % на границе с внутренним твердым ядром до 3.04 мас. % на границе с мантией.В качестве наиболее вероятного механизма захвата такого значительного количества водорода железоникелевым ядром рассматривается окклюзия, которая происходила непосредственно при формировании металлического ядра в охлаждающемся протопланетном облаке, обогащенном водородом, на стадии молодого Солнца. При этом аккумуляция водорода происходила в нелетучей форме, поскольку окклюзионному поглощению молекулярного водорода, как известно из результатов исследования системы Fe-H2, предшествовала диссоциация молекул на атомы и ионизация последних. Это предотвращало диссипацию водорода. Высокие давления, развивающиеся в уплотняющемся под действием гравитационного сжатия вещества ядре, способствовали принудительному сближению разнозаряженных частиц (протонов и электронов) и их взаимодействию с образованием атомов водорода. Последние, обладая высокой химической активностью, вступали в реакцию с металлами, образуя гидриды железа FeH и никеля NiH. Непрерывное увеличение давления по мере роста и уплотнения металлического ядра, а затем и силикатной мантии способствовало их стабильности. Разложение гидридов железа и никеля с образованием молекулярного водорода оказалось возможным, когда на границе раздела мантия – ядро, вследствие внешних силовых воздействий на Землю стали происходить срывы и смещения граничных слоев, приводящие к снижению давления в системе. Трансформация водорода из гидридной формы в молекулярное состояние имеет важные петрологические, минералогические и геодинамические последствия. Молекулярный водород при высоких температурах принимает участие в окислительно-восстановительных реакциях с железосодержащими силикатами и углеродсодержащими газами (CO, CO2), что определяет возможность синтеза воды во всем объеме мантии. Вода, как известно, существенно снижает температуру плавления пород, приводя к их частичному плавлению (астеносфера, слой D” в основании мантии, в котором зарождаются плюмы), и осуществляет гидролиз силикатов магния, переходя при этом в химически связанное состояние (в виде гидроксил-ионов). Гидроксилсодержащие силикаты магния обладают высокой пластичностью и также изменяют реологические свойства пород. Появление реологически ослабленных участков пород в мантии в сочетании с внешними космическими воздействиями оказывает существенное влияние на тектоническую активность и определяет возможность ее проявления во всем объеме мантии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The content of hydrogen in the outer core of the Earth is roughly quantified from the dependence of the density of iron (viewed as the main component of the core) on the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the core, with account of the most likely presence of iron hydrogen in the outer core, and the matter’s density jumps at the boundaries between the outer liquid core and the internal solid core (that is devoid of hydrogen) and the mantle. Estimations for the outer liquid core show that the hydrogen content varies from 0.67 wt. % at the boundary with the solid inner core to 3.04 wt. % at the boundary with the mantle.Iron occlusion is viewed as the most likely mechanism for the iron–nickel core to capture such a significant amount of hydrogen. Iron occlusion took place at the stage of the young sun when the metallic core emerged in the cooling protoplanetary cloud containing hydrogen in high amounts, and non-volatile hydrogen was accumulated. Absorption (occlusion) of molecular hydrogen was preceded by dissociation of molecules into atoms and ionization of the atoms, as proved by results of studies focused on Fe–H2 system, and hydrogen dissipation was thus prevented. The core matter was subject to gravitational compression at high pressures that contributed to the forced rapprochement of protons and electrons which interaction resulted by the formation of hydrogen atoms. Highly active hydrogen atoms reacted with metals and produced hydrides of iron and nickel, FeH and NiH. While the metallic core and then the silicate mantle were growing and consolidating, the stability of FeH and NiH was maintained due to pressures that were steadily increasing. Later on, due to the impacts of external forces on the Earth, marginal layers at the mantle–core boundary were detached and displaced, pressures decreased in the system, and iron and nickel hydrides were decomposed to produce molecular hydrogen. Consequences of the hydrides transformation into molecular hydrogen are important in terms of petrology, mineralogy and geodynamics. At high temperatures, molecular hydrogen can be involved in redox reactions with iron silicates and carbonaceous gases (CO and CO2), and the synthesis of water becomes possible throughout the entire mantle. It is known that water can significantly reduce the temperature of rock melting, which leads to partial melting of the rocks and pluming in the asthenosphere (in the D” layer) at the bottom of the mantle, and causes the hydrolysis of magnesium silicates, which results in the chemically bound state (hydroxyl ions). Highly ductile hydroxyl-containing magnesium silicates can alter rheological properties of the rocks. A combination of rheologically weak areas in the mantle rocks and the external cosmic effects can cause significant impacts on the tectonic activity and facilitate its manifestation throughout the entire mantle.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гетерогенная аккреция Земли</kwd><kwd>протопланетное облако</kwd><kwd>источник водорода</kwd><kwd>синтез воды в мантии</kwd><kwd>плюм</kwd><kwd>водосодержащие минералы в мантии</kwd><kwd>реологическое расслоение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heterogeneous accretion of the Earth</kwd><kwd>protoplanetary cloud</kwd><kwd>source of hydrogen in the core</kwd><kwd>synthesis of water in the mantle</kwd><kwd>plume</kwd><kwd>hydrous minerals in the mantle</kwd><kwd>rheological lamination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonov V.E., Belash I.T., Degtyareva V.F., Ponyatovsky E.G., Shiryaev V.I., 1980. 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