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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2016-7-1-0195</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RECENT GEODYNAMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕХАНИЗМЫ ОЧАГОВ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ И ПОЛЕ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ МОНГОЛИИ И ПРИЛЕГАЮЩИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FOCAL MECHANISMS OF EARTHQUAKES AND STRESS FIELD OF THE CRUST IN MONGOLIA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радзиминович</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radziminovich</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. геол.-мин. наук, с.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nradzim@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баяр</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayar</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bayart@rcag.ac.mn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошниченко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnichenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. геол.-мин. наук, с.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mai@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дэмбэрэл</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demberel</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demberel@rcag.url.mn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульзибат</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulziibat</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник отдела сейсмологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Seismological Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulzibat@rcag.url.mn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ганзориг</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ganzorig</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ganzorig@rcag.url.mn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лухнев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukhnev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. геол.-мин. наук, с.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">loukhnev@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН, 664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of RAS, 128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Исследовательский центр астрономии и геофизики МАН, 210351, Улан-Батор, Монголия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center of Astronomy and Geophysics of MAS, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Радзиминович Н.А., Баяр Г., Мирошниченко А.И., Дэмбэрэл С., Ульзибат М., Ганзориг Д., Лухнев А.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Радзиминович Н.А., Баяр Г., Мирошниченко А.И., Дэмбэрэл С., Ульзибат М., Ганзориг Д., Лухнев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radziminovich N.A., Bayar G., Miroshnichenko A.I., Demberel S., Ulziibat M., Ganzorig D., Lukhnev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/221">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/221</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Механизмы очагов землетрясений наряду с геодезическими и другими данными служат источником информации о напряженно-деформированном состоянии земной коры. Задачи оценки тектонического режима и скорости деформирования особенно актуальны для внутриплитных областей, характеризующихся высоким уровнем сейсмичности. Одной из таких областей является Монголия, на территории которой известны землетрясения с М=8.0 (рис. 1). В представляемой работе собраны и проанализированы механизмы очагов землетрясений с M≥4.5 с целью проследить пространственную изменчивость поля напряжений земной коры. </p></sec><sec><title>Данные</title><p>Данные. Опубликованные данные о фокальных решениях можно разделить на две группы в зависимости от применяемых для их определения методов. К первой группе относятся механизмы, полученные моделированием волновых форм на удаленных и региональных станциях. Вторая группа решений получена при использовании метода полярности первых вступлений волн. Данный метод широко применялся для умеренной силы землетрясений северной части Монголии и Южной Сибири, что обусловлено более плотным покрытием этого региона сейсмостанциями. Используемые для анализа в данной работе решения представлены в таблице (в разделе «Дополнительные материалы») и на карте (рис. 2). </p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Для инверсии поля напряжений использовались два подхода. Для землетрясений основных сейсмических зон (Болнай, Гобийский Алтай, Могод и т.д.) применялась программа Win-Tensor [Delvaux, Sperner, 2003], в которой реализован метод right dihedra [Angelier, 1984]. Для получения более сглаженной по всей территории картины ориентации осей напряжений использовалась программа SATSI [Hardebeck, Michael, 2006], минимизирующая разницу между соседними «индивидуальными» стресс-тензорами для сейсмоактивных областей. Для более корректного сравнения сейсмологических данных с результатами GPS-измерений и визуализации сейсмотектонических деформаций представлены стереограммы средних фокальных механизмов [Nikitin, Yunga, 1977; Yunga, 1990]. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Полученные результаты показывают, что фокальные решения землетрясений южной, западной и восточной части Монголии однородны и представлены главным образом сдвиговыми и взбросовыми подвижками в очагах. Большим разнообразием кинематических типов разрывов характеризуется территория к северу от Болнайского разлома. Для непосредственно Болнайской зоны не удалось получить единого стресс-тензора. Выборка разделилась на главные толчки (Болнайское и Цэцэрлэгское землетрясения 1905 г.), состоящие из субисточников, и события, зарегистрированные в период инструментальных наблюдений. Последние показывают наличие в выборке решений, удовлетворяющих режиму растяжения. В целом, наблюдается изменение ориентации оси SHmax от направления Ю-С в западной части Монголии до ЮЗ-СВ в Гобийском Алтае и в центральной части страны и до широтного направления в Восточной Монголии. </p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение результатов</title><p>Обсуждение результатов. Очевидно, что основные характеристики поля напряжений на представленной территории уже выявлены и описаны в предшествующих работах [Zhalkovskii et al., 1995; Petit et al., 1996; Delvaux et al., 1998; Melnikova et al., 2004; Melnikova, Radziminovich, 2005; San’kov et al., 2005; Gol’din, Kuchai, 2007; Radziminovich et al., 2007; Parfeevets, San’kov, 2010; San’kov et al., 2011; Parfeevets, San’kov, 2012; Rebetsky et al., 2013; Tataurova et al., 2014; Kuchai, Kozina, 2015; Karagianni et al., 2015; и др.]. Все увеличивающийся объем новых данных, с одной стороны, подтверждает сделанные ранее выводы, а с другой – позволяет выявить некоторые детали. </p><p>Результаты, полученные по сейсмологическим данным, согласуются с данными, полученными в ходе геолого-структурных работ [Parfeevets, Sankov, 2012] и GPS-измерений [Calais et al., 2003; Loukhnev et al., 2010]. Выделяется Болнайская зона, которая по геодезическим расчетам характеризуется деформацией удлинения земной коры или растяжением. Выше отмечалось, что часть фокальных механизмов соответствует такому полю напряжений. Более того, замеры трещиноватости также приводят авторов [Parfeevets, Sankov, 2012] к выводу о режиме транстенсии в восточной части Болнайской зоны, связанном, вероятно, с дивергенцией Евразийской и Амурской плит [Petit, Fournier, 2005]. Характер изменений сейсмотектонических деформаций в этом районе позволил авторам работы [Kuchai, Kozina, 2015] выделить, хоть и в широких пределах, границу Амурской плиты. </p><p>По данным о землетрясениях с M≥7.0 была рассчитана скорость деформации по формуле Кострова (табл. 2). Для временного интервала в 100 лет она составила 1.12×1020 N m yr–1, что является высоким значением для внутриконтинентальных областей по сравнению с модельными значениями [Holt et al., 1995, 2000]. Очевидно, это связано с сильнейшими землетрясениями региона, произошедшими на протяжении небольшого интервала времени. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Карта фокальных механизмов и результаты инверсии поля тектонических напряжений могут быть полезны при сейсмотектоническом и геодинамическом анализе Центральной Азии. В разделе «Дополнительные материалы» приведена компиляционная таблица механизмов очагов землетрясений с M≥4.5 и ранее неопубликованные механизмы очагов землетрясений Северной Монголии и Южного Прибайкалья с M≤4.5.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We have compiled and analyzed earthquake focal solutions for the territory of Mongolia and its surroundings in order to reveal a spatial variability of stress orientation and stress regimes of the crust. According to the stress inversion results, the SHmax is turning from W-E in the eastern Mongolia to SW-NE in the Gobi Altay and the central Mongolia, and then to S-N in the western part of the region. Comparison with data derived from GPS measurements shows that directions of the strain axes revealed by the geodetic and seismological observations are generally consistent. A contradiction is found for the Bolnai zone where results of GPS estimation indicate the predominance of extension (in the SE-NW direction), whereas earthquake data for the longer period of seismic observations reveal compression. Compression in this zone is mainly due to the Tsetserleg-Bolnai earthquakes contribution; however, a part of the recent data on focal mechanisms fits an extensional stress field with the NNW orientated extension axis. These data are in accordance with some published works which suggest a transtensive field from some structural geology studies in the eastern part of the Bolnai zone.The paper is supplemented with a list of M≥4.5 earthquake fault plane solutions and unpublished focal mechanisms for some M≤4.5 earthquakes of the northern Mongolia and the southern Baikal region.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Монголия</kwd><kwd>землетрясение</kwd><kwd>механизм очага</kwd><kwd>поле тектонических напряжений</kwd><kwd>GPS-измерения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mongolia</kwd><kwd>earthquake</kwd><kwd>fault plane solution</kwd><kwd>tectonic stress field</kwd><kwd>GPS measurement</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Angelier J., 1984. Tectonic analysis of fault slip data sets. 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