<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2025-16-4-0839</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HITSKS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-2076</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RECENT GEODYNAMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КОСЕЙСМИЧЕСКОГО СМЕЩЕНИЯ ПРИ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИИ МАГНИТУДОЙ MW 6.8 В БЕНКУЛУ В 2020 Г. ПО ДАННЫМ ГНСС НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COSEISMIC SLIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE 2020 Mw 6.8 BENGKULU EARTHQUAKE DERIVED FROM THE GNSS OBSERVATIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анггара</surname><given-names>О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anggara</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>35365, Южный Лампунг</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>South Lampung 35365</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ongky.anggara@gt.itera.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мейлано</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meilano</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>40132, Бандунг</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bandung 40132</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиф</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alif</surname><given-names>S.M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>35365, Южный Лампунг</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>South Lampung 35365</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сусило</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Susilo</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogor</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Суматринский технологический институт</institution><country>Индонезия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sumatra Institute of Technology</institution><country>Indonesia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бандунгский технологический институт</institution><country>Индонезия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Technology Bandung</institution><country>Indonesia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальное агентство исследований и инноваций</institution><country>Индонезия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research and Innovation Agency</institution><country>Indonesia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>839</fpage><lpage>839</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Анггара О., Мейлано И., Алиф С., Сусило С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анггара О., Мейлано И., Алиф С., Сусило С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anggara O., Meilano I., Alif S., Susilo S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/2076">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/2076</self-uri><abstract><p>18 августа 2020 г. примерно в 130 км к юго-западу от Бенкулу произошло землетрясение магнитудой 6.8. В статье использованы статические ГНСС-данные с расположенных вокруг эпицентра землетрясения станций непрерывного мониторинга для получения записей в течение 10 дней до и 10 дней после землетрясения. Оценка распределения косейсмического смещения проведена при помощи двух моделей нодальных плоскостей в решении USGS. Расчет косейсмического смещения был проведен с использованием упругой полупространственной модели с оптимальным инверсионным смещением. ГНСС-данные смещений, составляющих менее ~5 мм, указывают на их незначительность и оптимальную модель с параметрами простирания 313° и падения 8° при несоответствии ~0.4 мм. В настоящем исследовании предполагается, что землетрясение 2020 г. в Бенкулу произошло в результате субдукции Индо-Австралийской плиты под Евразийскую плиту с кумулятивным сейсмическим моментом 1.73·1019 Н·м, эквивалентным магнитуде 6.76.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>On August 18, 2020, an MW 6.8 earthquake occurred ~130 km southwest of Bengkulu. In this study, we used the static GNSS data from continuously monitoring stations, surrounding the epicentre, to obtain the data from 10 days before to 10 days after the earthquake. We estimate the coseismic slip distribution with two models of nodal planes from the USGS. The coseismic slip was calculated using an elastic half-space model with inversion best-fit displacement. The GNSS displacement data with values less than ~5 mm indicate an insignificant displacement and the best model arameters of strike of 313° and dip of 8°, with a misfit value of ~0.4 mm. This study suggests that the 2020 Bengkulu earthquake occurred due to the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate underneath the Eurasian plate with a cumulative seismic moment of 1.73·1019 N·m, equivalent to magnitude 6.76.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>землетрясение в Бенкулу</kwd><kwd>ГНСС-наблюдения</kwd><kwd>косейсмическое смещение</kwd><kwd>передача напряжений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bengkulu earthquake</kwd><kwd>GNSS observation</kwd><kwd>coseismic slip</kwd><kwd>stress transfer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alif S.M., Anggara O., Jihad M.F., Perdana R.S., 2024. GNSS Velocity and Strain Field in the Northern Sumatra 15 Years After the 2004 M9.2 Sumatra Andaman Earthquake. Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics 15 (6), 0798. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2024-15-6-0798.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alif S.M., Anggara O., Jihad M.F., Perdana R.S., 2024. GNSS Velocity and Strain Field in the Northern Sumatra 15 Years After the 2004 M9.2 Sumatra Andaman Earthquake. Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics 15 (6), 0798. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2024-15-6-0798.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alif S.M., Erlando M.R., Anggara O., Nurhayati M., 2025. Impact of Baseline Length on Uncertainty in Static Relative GNSS Positioning. Journal of Applied Geodesy. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2024-0090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alif S.M., Erlando M.R., Anggara O., Nurhayati M., 2025. Impact of Baseline Length on Uncertainty in Static Relative GNSS Positioning. Journal of Applied Geodesy. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2024-0090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alif S.M., Fattah E.I., Kholil M., Anggara O., 2021. Source of the 2019 Mw 6.9 Banten Intraslab Earthquake Modelled with GPS Data Inversion. Geodesy and Geodynamics 12 (4), 308–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2021.06.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alif S.M., Fattah E.I., Kholil M., Anggara O., 2021. Source of the 2019 Mw 6.9 Banten Intraslab Earthquake Modelled with GPS Data Inversion. Geodesy and Geodynamics 12 (4), 308–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2021.06.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altamimi Z., Rebischung P., Métivier L., Collilieux X., 2016. ITRF2014: A New Release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame Modeling Nonlinear Station Motions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 121 (8), 6109–6131. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013098.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altamimi Z., Rebischung P., Métivier L., Collilieux X., 2016. ITRF2014: A New Release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame Modeling Nonlinear Station Motions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 121 (8), 6109–6131. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013098.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anggara O., Welly T.K., Fauzi A.I., Alif S.M., Perdana R.S., Oktarina S.W., Nuha M.U., Rosadi U., 2023. Monitoring Ground Deformation of Sinabung Volcano Eruption 2018–2019 Using DInSAR Technique and GPS Data. AIP Conference Proceedings 2654 (1), 050012. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0114428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anggara O., Welly T.K., Fauzi A.I., Alif S.M., Perdana R.S., Oktarina S.W., Nuha M.U., Rosadi U., 2023. Monitoring Ground Deformation of Sinabung Volcano Eruption 2018–2019 Using DInSAR Technique and GPS Data. AIP Conference Proceedings 2654 (1), 050012. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0114428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ansari K., Walo J., Simanjuntak A.V.H., Wezka K., 2024. Crustal Deformation from GNSS Measurement and Earthquake Mechanism Along Pieniny Klippen Belt, Southern Poland. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 17, 180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-11983-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ansari K., Walo J., Simanjuntak A.V.H., Wezka K., 2024. Crustal Deformation from GNSS Measurement and Earthquake Mechanism Along Pieniny Klippen Belt, Southern Poland. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 17, 180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-11983-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bock Y., Prawirodirdjo L., Genrich J., Stevens C., Mccaffrey R., Subarya C., Puntodewo S., Calais E., 2003. Crustal Motion in Indonesia from Global Positioning System Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 108 (В6), 2367. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bock Y., Prawirodirdjo L., Genrich J., Stevens C., Mccaffrey R., Subarya C., Puntodewo S., Calais E., 2003. Crustal Motion in Indonesia from Global Positioning System Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 108 (В6), 2367. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chlieh M., Avouac J.P., Sieh K., Natawidjaja D.H., Galetzka J., 2008. Heterogeneous Coupling of the Sumatran Megathrust Constrained by Geodetic and Paleogeodetic Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 113 (В5), B05305. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB004981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chlieh M., Avouac J.P., Sieh K., Natawidjaja D.H., Galetzka J., 2008. Heterogeneous Coupling of the Sumatran Megathrust Constrained by Geodetic and Paleogeodetic Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 113 (В5), B05305. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB004981.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dach R., Lutz S., Walser P., Fridez P. (Eds), 2015. Bernese GNSS Software. Version 5.2. University of Bern, 862 p. DOI:10.7892/boris.72297.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dach R., Lutz S., Walser P., Fridez P. (Eds), 2015. Bernese GNSS Software. Version 5.2. University of Bern, 862 p. DOI:10.7892/boris.72297.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dziewonski A.M., Chou T.-A., Woodhouse J.H., 1981. Determination of Earthquake Source Parameters from Waveform Data for Studies of Global and Regional Seismicity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 86 (В4), 2825. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB04p02825.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dziewonski A.M., Chou T.-A., Woodhouse J.H., 1981. Determination of Earthquake Source Parameters from Waveform Data for Studies of Global and Regional Seismicity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 86 (В4), 2825. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB04p02825.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunawan E., Kholil M., Widiyantoro S., 2022. Coseismic Slip Distribution of the 14 January 2021 Mamuju-Majene, Sulawesi, Earthquake Derived from GPS Data. Natural Hazards 111, 939–948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05084-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunawan E., Kholil M., Widiyantoro S., 2022. Coseismic Slip Distribution of the 14 January 2021 Mamuju-Majene, Sulawesi, Earthquake Derived from GPS Data. Natural Hazards 111, 939–948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05084-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gusman A.R., Tanioka Y., Kobayashi T., Latief H., Pandoe W., 2010. Slip Distribution of the 2007 Bengkulu Earthquake Inferred from Tsunami Waveforms and InSAR Data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 115 (В12), B12316. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusman A.R., Tanioka Y., Kobayashi T., Latief H., Pandoe W., 2010. Slip Distribution of the 2007 Bengkulu Earthquake Inferred from Tsunami Waveforms and InSAR Data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 115 (В12), B12316. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayes G.P., Wald D.J., Johnson R.L., 2012. Slab1.0: A Three-Dimensional Model of Global Subduction Zone Geometries. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117 (B1), B01302. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayes G.P., Wald D.J., Johnson R.L., 2012. Slab1.0: A Three-Dimensional Model of Global Subduction Zone Geometries. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117 (B1), B01302. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heliani L.S., Pratama C., Wibowo A., Sahara D.P., Susilo S., Wibowo S.T., Safii A.N., Prayoga O. et al., 2024. Strain Accumulation in the Mentawai Forearc Sliver, Indonesia, Inferred from Continuous GNSS-Derived Strain Rate. Geodesy and Geodynamics 16 (1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2024.04.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heliani L.S., Pratama C., Wibowo A., Sahara D.P., Susilo S., Wibowo S.T., Safii A.N., Prayoga O. et al., 2024. Strain Accumulation in the Mentawai Forearc Sliver, Indonesia, Inferred from Continuous GNSS-Derived Strain Rate. Geodesy and Geodynamics 16 (1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2024.04.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill E.M., Borrero J.C., Huang Z., Qiu Q., Banerjee P., Natawidjaja D.H., Elosegui P., Fritz H.M. et al., 2012. The 2010 MW 7.8 Mentawai Earthquake: Very Shallow Source of a Rare Tsunami Earthquake Determined from Tsunami Field Survey and Near-Field GPS Data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117 (В6), B06402. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill E.M., Borrero J.C., Huang Z., Qiu Q., Banerjee P., Natawidjaja D.H., Elosegui P., Fritz H.M. et al., 2012. The 2010 MW 7.8 Mentawai Earthquake: Very Shallow Source of a Rare Tsunami Earthquake Determined from Tsunami Field Survey and Near-Field GPS Data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117 (В6), B06402. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irsyam M., Widiyantoro S., Natawidjaja D.H., Meilano I., Rudyanto A., Hidayati S., Triyoso W., Hanifa N.R., Djarwadi D., Faizal L., Sunarjito (Eds), 2017. Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017. Bandung, 376 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irsyam M., Widiyantoro S., Natawidjaja D.H., Meilano I., Rudyanto A., Hidayati S., Triyoso W., Hanifa N.R., Djarwadi D., Faizal L., Sunarjito (Eds), 2017. Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017. Bandung, 376 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishibe T., Ogata Y., Tsuruoka H., Satake K., 2017. Testing the Coulomb Stress Triggering Hypothesis for Three Recent Megathrust Earthquakes. Geoscience Letters 4, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-017-0070-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishibe T., Ogata Y., Tsuruoka H., Satake K., 2017. Testing the Coulomb Stress Triggering Hypothesis for Three Recent Megathrust Earthquakes. Geoscience Letters 4, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-017-0070-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King G.C.P., Stein R.S., Lin J., 1994. Static Stress Changes and the Triggering of Earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84 (3), 935–953. DOI:10.1785/BSSA0840030935.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King G.C.P., Stein R.S., Lin J., 1994. Static Stress Changes and the Triggering of Earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84 (3), 935–953. DOI:10.1785/BSSA0840030935.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konca A.O., Avouac J.P., Sladen A., Meltzner A.J., Sieh K., Fang P., Li Z., Galetzka J. et al., 2008. Partial Rupture of a Locked Patch of the Sumatra Megathrust During the 2007 Earthquake Sequence. Nature 456, 631–635. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konca A.O., Avouac J.P., Sladen A., Meltzner A.J., Sieh K., Fang P., Li Z., Galetzka J. et al., 2008. Partial Rupture of a Locked Patch of the Sumatra Megathrust During the 2007 Earthquake Sequence. Nature 456, 631–635. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L., Huang Z., 2013. Slip Distribution of the 2010 Mentawai Earthquake from Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms and Tsunami Field Survey Data. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (September 24–26, 2013). Bali, Indonesia, p. 758–763.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L., Huang Z., 2013. Slip Distribution of the 2010 Mentawai Earthquake from Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms and Tsunami Field Survey Data. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (September 24–26, 2013). Bali, Indonesia, p. 758–763.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lubis A.M., Hashima A., Sato T., 2013. Analysis of Afterslip Distribution Following the 2007 September 12 Southern Sumatra Earthquake Using Poroelastic and Viscoelastic Media. Geophysical Journal International 192 (1), 18–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggs020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lubis A.M., Hashima A., Sato T., 2013. Analysis of Afterslip Distribution Following the 2007 September 12 Southern Sumatra Earthquake Using Poroelastic and Viscoelastic Media. Geophysical Journal International 192 (1), 18–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggs020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лухнев А.В., Лухнева О.Ф., Саньков В.А., Мирошниченко А.И. Косейсмические эффекты Хубсугульского землетрясения в Монголии 11 января 2021 г. // Геодинамика и тектонофизика. 2022. Т. 13. № 2. 0626 https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2022-13-2s-0626.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukhnev A.V., Lukhneva O.F., Sankov V.A., Miroshnichenko A.I., 2022. Coseismic Effects of the 11 January 2021 Hovsgol, Mongolia, Earthquake. Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics 13 (2), 0626 (in Russian)  https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2022-13-2s-0626.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Natawidjaja D.H., Sieh K., Chlieh M., Galetzka J., Suwargadi B.W., Cheng H., Edwards R.L., Avouac J.-Ph., Ward S.N., 2006. Source Parameters of the Great Sumatran Megathrust Earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 Inferred from Coral Microatolls. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 111 (В6), B06403. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natawidjaja D.H., Sieh K., Chlieh M., Galetzka J., Suwargadi B.W., Cheng H., Edwards R.L., Avouac J.-Ph., Ward S.N., 2006. Source Parameters of the Great Sumatran Megathrust Earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 Inferred from Coral Microatolls. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 111 (В6), B06403. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newcomb K., McCann W., 1987. Seismic History and Seismotectonics of the Sunda Arc. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 92 (B1), 421–439. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB01p00421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newcomb K., McCann W., 1987. Seismic History and Seismotectonics of the Sunda Arc. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 92 (B1), 421–439. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB01p00421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okada Y., 1992. Internal Deformation Due to Shear and Tensile Faults in a Half-Space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82 (2), 1018–1040. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0820021018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okada Y., 1992. Internal Deformation Due to Shear and Tensile Faults in a Half-Space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82 (2), 1018–1040. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0820021018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okada Y., Nishimura T., 2025. Investigation on Short-Term Slow Slip Events in the Northeast Japan Subduction Zones Using Decadal GNSS Data. Earth, Planets and Space 77, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02175-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okada Y., Nishimura T., 2025. Investigation on Short-Term Slow Slip Events in the Northeast Japan Subduction Zones Using Decadal GNSS Data. Earth, Planets and Space 77, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02175-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prawirodirdjo L., McCaffrey R., Chadwell C.D., Bock Y., Subarya C., 2010. Geodetic Observations of an Earthquake Cycle at the Sumatra Subduction Zone: Role of Interseismic Strain Segmentation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 115 (В3), B03414. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prawirodirdjo L., McCaffrey R., Chadwell C.D., Bock Y., Subarya C., 2010. Geodetic Observations of an Earthquake Cycle at the Sumatra Subduction Zone: Role of Interseismic Strain Segmentation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 115 (В3), B03414. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stamps D.S., Flesch L.M., Calais E., Ghosh A., 2014. Current Kinematics and Dynamics of Africa and the East African Rift System. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119 (6), 5161–5186. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010717.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stamps D.S., Flesch L.M., Calais E., Ghosh A., 2014. Current Kinematics and Dynamics of Africa and the East African Rift System. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119 (6), 5161–5186. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010717.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka Yu., Ohta Yu., Miyazaki Sh., 2019. Real-Time Coseismic Slip Estimation via the GNSS Carrier Phase to Fault Slip Approach: A Case Study of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 46 (3), 1367–1374. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka Yu., Ohta Yu., Miyazaki Sh., 2019. Real-Time Coseismic Slip Estimation via the GNSS Carrier Phase to Fault Slip Approach: A Case Study of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 46 (3), 1367–1374. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tin T.Z.H., Nishimura T., Hashimoto M., Lindsey E.O., Aung L.T., Min S.M., Thant M., 2022. Present-Day Crustal Deformation and Slip Rate Along the Southern Sagaing Fault in Myanmar by GNSS Observation. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 228, 105125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tin T.Z.H., Nishimura T., Hashimoto M., Lindsey E.O., Aung L.T., Min S.M., Thant M., 2022. Present-Day Crustal Deformation and Slip Rate Along the Southern Sagaing Fault in Myanmar by GNSS Observation. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 228, 105125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toda S., Stein R.S., Sevilgen V., Lin J., 2011. Coulomb 3.3. Graphic-Rich Deformation and Stress-Change Software for Earthquake, Tectonic, and Volcano Research and Teaching. User Guide. USGS Open-File Report 2011–1060. 63 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toda S., Stein R.S., Sevilgen V., Lin J., 2011. Coulomb 3.3. Graphic-Rich Deformation and Stress-Change Software for Earthquake, Tectonic, and Volcano Research and Teaching. User Guide. USGS Open-File Report 2011–1060. 63 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tozer B., Sandwell D.T., Smith W.H.F., Olson C., Beale J.R., Wessel P., 2019. Global Bathymetry and Topography at 15 Arc Sec: SRTM15+. Earth and Space Science 6 (10), 1847–1864. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tozer B., Sandwell D.T., Smith W.H.F., Olson C., Beale J.R., Wessel P., 2019. Global Bathymetry and Topography at 15 Arc Sec: SRTM15+. Earth and Space Science 6 (10), 1847–1864. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsang L.L.H., Hill E.M., Barbot S., Qiu Q., Feng L., Hermawan I., Banerjee P., Natawidjaja D.H., 2016. Afterslip Following the 2007 Mw 8.4 Bengkulu Earthquake in Sumatra Loaded the 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai Tsunami Earthquake Rupture Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 121 (12), 9034–9049. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsang L.L.H., Hill E.M., Barbot S., Qiu Q., Feng L., Hermawan I., Banerjee P., Natawidjaja D.H., 2016. Afterslip Following the 2007 Mw 8.4 Bengkulu Earthquake in Sumatra Loaded the 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai Tsunami Earthquake Rupture Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 121 (12), 9034–9049. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., Wang R., Roth F., Enescu B., Hainzl S., Ergintav S., 2009. Afterslip and Viscoelastic Relaxation Following the 1999 M 7.4 İzmit Earthquake from GPS Measurements. Geophysical Journal International 178 (3), 1220–1237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04228.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L., Wang R., Roth F., Enescu B., Hainzl S., Ergintav S., 2009. Afterslip and Viscoelastic Relaxation Following the 1999 M 7.4 İzmit Earthquake from GPS Measurements. Geophysical Journal International 178 (3), 1220–1237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04228.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang R., Diao F., Hoechner A., 2013. SDM-A Geodetic Inversion Code Incorporating with Layered Crust Structure and Curved Fault Geometry. In: Geophysical Research Abstracts of the General Assembly Conference (7–12 April, 2013, Vienna, Austria). Vol. 15. EGU2013-2411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang R., Diao F., Hoechner A., 2013. SDM-A Geodetic Inversion Code Incorporating with Layered Crust Structure and Curved Fault Geometry. In: Geophysical Research Abstracts of the General Assembly Conference (7–12 April, 2013, Vienna, Austria). Vol. 15. EGU2013-2411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wessel P., Smith W.H.F., Scharroo R., Luis J., Wobbe F., 2013. Generic Mapping Tools: Improved Version Released. Eos 94 (45), 409–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO450001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wessel P., Smith W.H.F., Scharroo R., Luis J., Wobbe F., 2013. Generic Mapping Tools: Improved Version Released. Eos 94 (45), 409–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO450001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiang Yu., Yue J., Wang H., Chen Yu., 2024. GNSS Imaging Coseismic and Postseismic Slip Associated with the 2021 M 8.2 Chignik, Alaska Earthquake. Tectonophysics 876, 230273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiang Yu., Yue J., Wang H., Chen Yu., 2024. GNSS Imaging Coseismic and Postseismic Slip Associated with the 2021 M 8.2 Chignik, Alaska Earthquake. Tectonophysics 876, 230273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu X., Sandwell D.T., Klein E., Bock Y., 2021. Integrated Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS Time-Series Along the San Andreas Fault System. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126 (11), e2021JB022579. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022579.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu X., Sandwell D.T., Klein E., Bock Y., 2021. Integrated Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS Time-Series Along the San Andreas Fault System. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126 (11), e2021JB022579. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022579.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H., Chen J., Ge Z., 2012. Multi-Fault Rupture and Successive Triggering During the 2012 Mw 8.6 Sumatra Offshore Earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 39 (22), L22305. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H., Chen J., Ge Z., 2012. Multi-Fault Rupture and Successive Triggering During the 2012 Mw 8.6 Sumatra Offshore Earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 39 (22), L22305. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053805.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng Z., Jin Sh., Fan L., 2018. Co-Seismic Deformation Following the 2007 Bengkulu Earthquake Constrained by GRACE and GPS Observations. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 280, 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2018.04.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng Z., Jin Sh., Fan L., 2018. Co-Seismic Deformation Following the 2007 Bengkulu Earthquake Constrained by GRACE and GPS Observations. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 280, 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2018.04.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
