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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2013-4-1-0091</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RECENT GEODYNAMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЗАТУХАНИЕ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛН В ЛИТОСФЕРЕ СЕВЕРНОЙ ЧАСТИ ПРОВИНЦИИ БАССЕЙНОВ И ХРЕБТОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ATTENUATION OF SEISMIC WAVES IN THE LITHOSPHERE OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрынина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrynina</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.мат. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Physics and Mathematics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dobrynina@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН, Иркутск, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Добрынина А.А., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Добрынина А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dobrynina А.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/20">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/20</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе представлены результаты исследования затухания сейсмических волн методом кода-волн [Aki, Chouet, 1975] в литосфере и верхней мантии северной части Провинции Бассейнов и Хребтов (ПБХ) (рис. 1). В работе использовались данные, полученные в рамках сейсмического эксперимента 1988–1989 PASSCAL Basin and Range Passive Seismic Experiment [Owens, Randall, 1989], – записи 66 землетрясений и взрывов с магнитудами Mb=1.1–5.0, произошедших на территории ПБХ (рис. 2).</p><p>Для расчета эффективной сейсмической добротности по коде использовалась модель однократного рассеяния [Aki, Chouet, 1975]. Расчет значений QC выполнялся для 18 значений длины окна обработки коды W – от 10 до 95 с с шагом 5 с на 6 центральных частотах f: 0.3, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 и 12.0 Гц. Всего выполнено 7776 индивидуальных измерений QC. Наблюдается сильная зависимость добротности от частоты и длины окна обработки коды: QС возрастает от 12±6 до 359±17 для центральных частот 0.3 и 12.0 Гц при длине окна обработки коды W=10 с и от 87±6 до 1177±87 на тех же частотах при W=95 с (рис. 6). На базе полученных значений QС для всех значений длины окна W были рассчитаны эмпирические зависимости добротности от частоты согласно [Mitchell, 1981] и получены значения: Q0 – добротность на референтной частоте f0 (f0=1 Гц) и n – частотный параметр (n близок к 1 и меняется в зависимости от неоднородности среды [Aki, 1981]). Полученные в настоящей работе значения Q0 меняются от 60±8 до 222±17, значения частотного параметра варьируются от 0.57±0.04 до 0.84±0.05, и коэффициент затухания δ меняется в пределах 0.015–0.004 км–1 в зависимости от W (рис. 8), подобные значения параметров затухания характерны для районов с высокой тектонической активностью [Mak et al., 2004].</p><p>В рамках модели однократного рассеяния зависимость параметров затухания от длины окна обработки коды может быть объяснена с позиций глубины формирования коды [Pulli, 1984]: большее значение W соответствует большей глубине прохождения кода-волн. Анализ вариаций коэффициента затухания δ и частотного параметра n для Провинции Бассейнов и Хребтов показал, что оба параметра неравномерно уменьшаются с увеличением глубины – на глубине 150 км наклон графика изменения δ заметно меняется. В верхней части графика (глубины до 150 км) наблюдается резкое изменение δ с глубиной, особенно хорошо это видно на графике градиента δ (рис. 9, 10), подобное поведение характерно и для n. Также на глубине около 140 км отмечается скачок параметра n. В средней части (на глубинах 150–200 км) наклон графика δ увеличивается, градиенты δ и частотного параметра значительно уменьшаются. И в нижней части разреза (&gt;200 км) значение δ становится практически постоянным, также отмечается резкое скачкообразное увеличение значения n (рис. 9, 10). На рисунке приведен скоростной разрез исследуемого региона, полученный в работе [Wagner et al., 2012]. На разрезе видно, что под Провинцией Бассейнов и Хребтов расположена низкоскоростная мантия, начинающаяся практически под границей Мохо (на глубине 50–60 км). Нижняя граница низкоскоростной мантии находится на глубине 130–160 км. Таким образом, можно заключить, что изменение угла наклона графика зависимости δ от глубины связано с глубинным строением среды. При этом резкие изменения δ и n приурочены к скоростным границам среды. Высокие значения δ и n, характерные для верхней части разреза, свидетельствуют о высокой степени неоднородности среды, что подтверждается также низкими скоростями сейсмических волн в данной области [Wagner et al., 2012]. Уменьшение параметров δ и n в средней и нижней частях разреза говорит о более однородной структуре среды на больших глубинах.</p><p>В результате проведенного исследования характеристик затухания сейсмических волн в литосфере и верхней мантии северной части Провинции Бассейнов и Хребтов установлена высокая зависимость эффективной сейсмической добротности QC от частоты в диапазоне 0.5–16.0 Гц. Получены эмпирические соотношения Q(f) для разной длины окна обработки коды; показано, что значение эффективной сейсмической добротности увеличивается с увеличением длины окна обработки коды, что может быть интерпретировано как уменьшение затухания с глубиной. Сопоставление глубинных вариаций коэффициента затухания и частотного параметра со скоростным строением показало, что для северной части Провинции Бассейнов и Хребтов на скоростных границах наблюдается отчетливое изменение затухания сейсмических волн.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents results of the study of attenuation of seismic waves in the lithosphere and upper mantle of the northern part of the Basin and Range Province (BRP) (Fig. 1). In this study, the coda-wave method [Aki, Chouet, 1975] is applied to process data collected in the seismic experiment conducted in 1988–1989, PASSCAL Basin and Range Passive Seismic Experiment [Owens, Randall, 1989], including records of 66 earthquakes and explosions (Mb=1.1–5.0) which occurred in BRP (Fig. 2).</p><p>The effective seismic quality factor by the coda is calculated using the single-backscattering model [Aki, Chouet, 1975]. The QC values are calculated for 18 values of the lapse time window W from 10 to 95 sec with the step of 5 sec at six (6) central frequencies (0.3, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 Hz). In total, 7776 individual measurements of QC were done. It is observed that the quality factor QC is strongly dependent on the frequency and the lapse time window W: QC increases from 12±6 to 359±17 for the central frequencies of 0.3 and 12.0 Hz when the lapse time window is W=10 sec and from 87±6 to 1177±87 for the same frequencies when W=95 sec (Fig. 6). On the basis of the QС values obtained for all the lapse time windows W empirical relationships of quality factors and frequencies are calculated according to [Mitchell, 1981], and values of quality factor Q0 at reference frequency f0 (f0=1 Hz) and frequency parameter n (which is close to 1 and varies depending on the heterogeneity of the medium [Aki, 1981]) are obtained. In this study, Q0 varies from 60±8 to 222±17, the frequency parameter ranges from 0.57±0.04 to 0.84±0.05, and the attenuation coefficient δ varies from 0.015 to 0.004 km–1, depending on W (Fig. 8); similar values of attenuation parameters are typical of regions with high tectonic activity [Mak et al., 2004].</p><p>In the single-backscattering model, the dependence of the attenuation parameters from the lapse time window can be explained in terms of the depth of formation of the coda [Pulli, 1984]: a larger value of W corresponds to a greater depth through which the coda-waves go. As shown by the analysis of variations of attenuation coefficient δ and frequency parameter n for the Basin and Range Province, both parameters decrease irregularly with depth – the slope of the curve showing variations of δ is considerably changed at the depth of 150 km. At the top of the graph (to the depth of 150 km), an abrupt change of δ with depth is observed; it is clearly seen in the graph of gradient δ (Fig. 9 and Fig. 10); such behaviour is also characteristic of n. At the depth of 140 km, parameter n is increased. In the middle section (at depths of 150–200 km), the slope of the δ curve increases, and gradients of δ and the frequency parameter are significantly reduced. At the bottom of the profile (&gt; 200 km), the value of δ is almost constant, and an abrupt increase of n is observed (Fig. 9 and Fig. 10). Figure 10 shows the high-speed profile of the area under study, which is published in [Wagner et al., 2012]. The profile shows the low velocity mantle under the Basin and Range Province, actually starting underneath the Moho (at the depth of 50–60 km). The lower boundary of the low-velocity mantle is located at the depth of 130–160 km. Thus, there are grounds to conclude that the change in the slope of the curve showing dependence of δ from the depth is related to the deep structure of the medium. The abrupt changes of δ and n are associated with the velocity discontinuities of the medium. The high values of δ and n, which are characteristic of the upper part of the profile, indicate the high degree of heterogeneity of the medium, which is also confirmed by the low velocities of seismic waves in the area under study [Wagner et al., 2012]. The reduction of parameters  δ and n in the middle and lower parts of the profile suggests a more homogeneous structure of the medium at largerdepths.</p><p>As a result of the study of the characteristics of seismic wave’s attenuation in the lithosphere and the upper mantle of the northern part of the Basin and Range Province, it is established that the effective seismic quality factor QC is highly dependent on the frequency in the range of 0.5–16.0 Hz. The empirical relationships of Q(f) for various lapse time windows are obtained; it is shown that increasing the lapse time window causes the values of the effective seismic quality factor to increase, which may be interpreted as reduction of attenuation with depth. By comparing the depth variations of the attenuation coefficient and the frequency parameter against the velocity structure, it is shown that there is a distinct change in attenuation of seismic waves at the velocity discontinuities in the northern part of the Basin and Range Province.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>добротность</kwd><kwd>затухание</kwd><kwd>кода</kwd><kwd>Провинция Бассейнов и Хребтов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quality factor</kwd><kwd>attenuation</kwd><kwd>coda</kwd><kwd>Basin and Range Province</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aki K., 1969. Analysis of the seismic coda of local earthquakes as scattered waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 74 (2), 615–631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB074i002p00615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aki K., 1969. 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