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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2015-6-3-0187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ И ТЕКТОНОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ РАЗНОРАНГОВОЙ БЛОКОВОЙ ДЕЛИМОСТИ ЛИТОСФЕРЫ НА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЭТАПАХ ЕЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ: ТЕКТОНОФИЗИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>GENETIC SOURCES AND TECTONOPHYSICAL REGULARITIES OF DIVISIBILITY OF THE LITHOSPHERE INTO BLOCKS OF VARIOUS RANKS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ITS FORMATION: TECTONOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шерман</surname><given-names>Семен Иойнович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherman</surname><given-names>Semen I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик Российской академии естественных наук, докт. геол.-мин. наук, профессор, г.н.с.,</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Professor, Chief Researcher,</p><p>128 Lermontov street, Irkutsk 664033</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ssherman@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>387</fpage><lpage>408</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шерман С.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шерман С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sherman S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/184">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/184</self-uri><abstract><p>Впервые проводится тектонофизическая реконструкция формирования первичной делимости протолитосферы в результате конвекции остывающей примитивной мантии. Формирующиеся в ней конвективные ячеи Рэлея-Бенара предопределяют размеры первичного разделения протолитосферы на отдельные массы – прообразы блоков. Ячеи Рэлея-Бенара не впервые используются в геологии и геодинамике. Первоначально на них ссылались для объяснения формирования первичных континентальных ядер. Обращение к ячеям Рэлея-Бенара и их структурным реликтам способствует пониманию того, как зарождается первичная делимость протолитосферы, которая трансформируется в крупные литосферные плиты – прообразы континентов. Именно консервирующиеся в формирующейся литосфере ячеи Рэлея-Бенара, нижняя граница которых корреспондировала с одним из главных разделов планеты – границей ядра, – предопределили первоначальную мегамасштабную блоковую структуру протолитосферы и формирующейся литосферы. Проведенные теоретические оценки сопоставлены и хорошо согласуются с количеством и размерами площадей первых гипотетических континентальных структур – суперконтинентов Ваальбара и Ура.</p><p>Продолжение тектонофизического разбора формирования блоковой структуры литосферы реализовано на детальном анализе карты современных литосферных плит [Bird, 2003] с привлечением фактических материалов [Shermanetal., 2000]. В широкой по размерам площадей иерархии блоков в современной литосфере Земли отчетливо выделяются две группы. Первая – мегаблоки, среднегеометрический размер которых превышает 6500 км. Их формирование на современном этапе геодинамического развития Земли, а также на всех предшествующих, в том числе и на самом раннем, при зарождении протолитосферы связано с конвекционными процессами в мантии Земли. Вторая группа – блоки со среднегеометрическим размером менее 4500 км, вплоть до минимального, соответствующего кусковатости горных пород, отражают, прежде всего, деструкцию мегаблоков в результате их разрушения под действием высоких внутренних напряжений, превышающих предел прочности среды. В этой же группе могут быть блоки, формирование которых также связано с конвекцией, охватывающей верхний мантийный уровень – астеносферу. Можно предполагать, что в громадном промежуточном интервале геологического времени, охватывающем суперциклы Кенорленд, Родинию и, частично, Пангею, формирование крупных литосферных блоков контролировалось конвекцией, а их дальнейшее «дробление» регулировалось физическими законами разрушения твердых тел. Однако четкую границу между процессами, определяющими иерархию формирования блоковых структур разного генезиса в прошедшие времена, провести трудно из-за неопределенности размеров литосферных блоков далекого прошлого.</p><p>Таким образом, конвекция в мантии является генетическим эндогенным источником первичной делимости остывающей верхней оболочки Земли, а также мегаблоковой делимости собственно литосферы в последующие этапы ее геодинамического развития. На современном этапе закономерности разномасштабной блоковой делимости литосферы прослеживаются на всех иерархических уровнях. Площади мегаплит литосферы – результат закономерных изменений конвективных процессов в мантии и их воздействия на формирование и кинематику плит; деструкция мегаплит на меньшие по площади блоки – результат закономерного дробления твердых тел литосферы при высоких напряжениях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the first tectonophysical reconstruction of initial divisibility of the protolithosphere as a result of convection in the cooling primitive mantle. Initial division of the protolithosphere into separate masses, i.e. prototypes of the blocks, and their size are predetermined by the emerging Rayleigh-Benard convection cells. In studies of geology and geodynamics, the Rayleigh-Benard convection cells were first referred to as a factor to explain the formation of initial continental cores. Considering the Rayleigh-Benard cells and their structural relics can help clarify initial divisibility of the protolithosphere and the origin of the major lithospheric plates, i.e. prototypes of continents. In our opinion, the initial mega-scale block structure of the protolithosphere and the emerging lithosphere were predetermined by the Rayleigh-Benard cells as they were preserved in the emerging lithosphere and their lower boundaries corresponded to the core-mantle boundary, i.e. one of the major discontinuities of the planet. Our theoretical estimations are in good agreement with the number and sizes of the Earth's theorized first supercontinents, Vaalbara and Ur. </p><p>In our tectonophysical discussion of the formation of the lithospheric block structure, we analyze in detail the map of modern lithospheric plates [Bird, 2003] in combination with the materials from [Sherman et al., 2000]. In the hierarchy of the blocks comprising the contemporary lithosphere, which sizes are widely variable, two groups of blocks are clearly distinguished. The first group includes megablocks with the average geometric size above 6500 km. Their formation is related to convection in the Earth mantle at the present stage of the geodynamic evolution of the Earth, as well as at all the previous stages, including the earliest one, when the protolithosphere emerged. The second group includes medium-sized blocks with the average geometric size of less than 4500 km and those with minimum sizes, such as rock lumps. They reflect primarily the degradation of megablocks as a result of their destruction due to high stresses in excess of the tensile strength of the medium. This group may also include blocks which formation is related to convection in the upper mantle layer, asthenosphere. There are grounds to assume that through the vast intermediate interval of geologic time, including supercycles of Kenorlend, Rodin, and and partically Pangea, the formation of the large lithospheric blocks was controlled by convection, and later on, they were 'fragmented' under the physical laws of destruction of solid bodies. However, it is difficult to clearly distinguish between the processes that predetermine the hierarchy of formation of the block structures of various origins – sizes of ancient lithospheric blocks cannot be estimated unambiguously.</p><p>Thus, mantle convection is a genetic endogenous source of initial divisibility of the cooling upper cover of the Earth and megablock divisibility of the lithosphere in the subsequent and recent geodynamic development stages. At the present stage, regular patterns of the lithospheric block divisibility of various scales are observed at all the hierarchic levels. The areas of the lithospheric megaplates result from regular changes of convective processes in the mantle, which influenced the formation of plates and plate kinematics. Fragmentation of the megaplates into smaller ones is a result of destruction of the solid lithosphere under the physical laws of destruction of solid bodies under the impact of high stresses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>литосфера</kwd><kwd>тектонические плиты</kwd><kwd>блоки</kwd><kwd>конвекция</kwd><kwd>деструкция</kwd><kwd>тектонофизика</kwd><kwd>делимость литосферы</kwd><kwd>ячеи Релея-Бенара</kwd><kwd>континенты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lithosphere</kwd><kwd>tectonic plates</kwd><kwd>blocks</kwd><kwd>convection</kwd><kwd>destruction</kwd><kwd>tectonophysics</kwd><kwd>divisibility of the lithosphere</kwd><kwd>Rayleigh-Benard cells</kwd><kwd>continents</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">M.I.	Kuz'min, E.V.Sklyarov, R.M. Lobatskaya, A.V. Cheremnykh; the	 Research Plan of the Laboratory	 of Tectonophysics, IEC SB RAS, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">M.I.	Kuz'min, E.V.Sklyarov, R.M. Lobatskaya, A.V. Cheremnykh; the	 Research Plan of the Laboratory	 of Tectonophysics, IEC SB RAS, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artemieva I.M., 2011. The lithosphere: An interdisciplinary approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 794 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artemieva I.M., 2011. The lithosphere: An interdisciplinary approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 794 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artemieva I.M., Mooney W.D., 2001. 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