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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2023-14-6-0733</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-1763</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RECENT GEODYNAMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРОЦЕССЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГИДРОКАРБОНАТНЫХ НАТРИЕВЫХ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД В СИСТЕМЕ ДОЖДЕВАЯ ВОДА – ПЕСЧАНИК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PROCESSES OF FORMATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE GROUNDWATER IN THE RAINWATER – SANDSTONE SYSTEM</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>С. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>S. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>128 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>733</fpage><lpage>733</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлов С.Х., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлов С.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlov S.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/1763">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/1763</self-uri><abstract><p>С помощью моделирования изучены процессы физико-химических взаимодействий дождевой воды с песчаником. Установлено, что в результате взаимодействия уже при минерализации 55 мг/кг Н2О формируется раствор чистого содового состава, который до 200 мг/кг Н2О имеет резко окислительные свойства, сменяющиеся при превышении этой величины на резко восстановительные. При минерализации 30 мг/кг Н2О в результате интенсивного увеличения гидроксид-иона раствор становится высокощелочным. Из раствора активно выводится кальций в результате формирования в твердой фазе не только кальцита, доля которого не превышает 15 %, но в основном ломонтита, содержание которого достигает 25 %. Накопление в растворе высоких концентраций натрия обусловлено отсутствием его вторичных минеральных образований в значительном интервале изменения отношений порода/вода. В пластовых условиях раствор имеет карбонатный состав. Этот раствор, переведенный из пластовых условий в поверхностные, в результате взаимодействия с атмосферой преобразуется. Уменьшается рН раствора, и он приобретает резко окислительные свойства. При этом содержание катионов, сульфатов, фтора и хлора остается на уровне, соответствующем пластовым условиям, но кардинальные изменения претерпевают компоненты карбонатной системы и соединения кремния. Гидросиликатный ион преобразуется в оксид кремния, который выпадает в осадок. Карбонатные ионы преобразованы в гидрокарбонатные, а чтобы раствор сохранил состояние равновесия после ухода из него представительного количества гидросиликатного иона, дополнительно были сформированы гидрокарбонатные ионы. Количество углерода, необходимое для их формирования, было заимствовано из атмосферы. Раствор стал гидрокарбонатным, и из него практически исчез гидросиликатный ион. Различные варианты расчета модельного раствора, равновесного с атмосферой, соотносятся с представительной группой подземных вод содового типа. Результаты расчетов подтверждаются натурными наблюдениями за формированием аутигенных минералов, проведенными на значительной части территории России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In modeling, a study was made of the processes of the physical-chemical interaction between rainwater and sandstone. It was stated that as a result of the interaction, already in mineralization of water equal to 55 mg/l, there emerges a pure soda solution whose sharp oxidation properties, retaining up to 200 mg/l, change to sharp restorative when exceeding this value. At the mineralization of water equal to 30 mg/l, an intensive increase in the number of hydroxide ions in a solution makes it highly alkaline. The active removal of calcium from solution is due to the formation of not only solid phase calcite, whose share does not exceed 15 %, but largely limonite, whose content is as high as 25 %. The accumulation of high concentrations of sodium in a solution is caused by the absence of its secondary mineral formations in a wide range of the rock/water ratios. Under reservoir conditions, the solution is composed of carbonate. This solution, transferred from reservoir to surface conditions, undergoes transformation in the result of interaction with the atmosphere. A decrease in pH of the solution resulted in the acquisition of sharp oxidation properties, with the cation, sulfate, fluorine and chlorine contents remained at the level corresponding to the reservoir conditions and the cardinal changes affected the carbonate system components and silicon compounds. Hydrosilicate ion was transformed into precipitated silicon oxide. Carbonate ions were transformed into hydrocarbonate, and the additional hydrocarbonate ions were formed for the solution to preserve a state of equilibrium after the removal of the representative number of hydrosilicate ions therefrom. An amount of carbon required for their formation was extracted from the atmosphere. The solution became hydrocarbonate, with hydrosilicate ions almost disappeared therefrom. Different calculation options for model solution, which is in equilibrium with the atmosphere, correlate with the representative group of soda-type groundwater. The calculation results are confirmed by field observations over the authigenic mineral formation on a large part of the Russian territory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>содовые воды</kwd><kwd>геохимическая обстановка</kwd><kwd>имитационное моделирование физико-химических процессов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soda water</kwd><kwd>geochemical environment</kwd><kwd>simulation modeling of physical-chemical processes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указано</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдрахманов Р.Ф., Попов В.Г. Геохимия и формирование подземных вод Южного Урала. Уфа: Гилем, 2010. 420 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdrakhmanov R.F., Popov V.G., 2010. 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