gtcrustГеодинамика и тектонофизикаGeodynamics & Tectonophysics2078-502XInstitute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch10.5800/GT-2023-14-1-0684gtcrust-1628Research ArticleСОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКАRECENT GEODYNAMICSПОДВОДНЫЕ КАНЬОНЫ ЮГО-ЗАПАДНОЙ ОКРАИНЫ ЮЖНОГО БАЙКАЛА – ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ ТРАНЗИТЕРЫ ТЕХНОГЕННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА АБИССАЛЬНУЮ ПОВЕРХНОСТЬUNDERWATER CANYONS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN OUTSKIRTS OF SOUTHERN BAIKAL AS PRESUMABLE TRANSITERS OF TECHNOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE ABYSSAL SURFACEКононовЕ. Е.KononovE. E.

664033, Иркутск, ул. Улан-Баторская, 1

1 Ulan-Batorskaya St, Irkutsk 664033

ekon@7395.ruГубинН. А.GubinN. A.

664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83

83 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664074

Институт географии им. В.Б. Сочавы СО РАНРоссияSochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИркутский национальный исследовательский технический университетРоссияIrkutsk National Research Technical UniversityRussian Federation202317022023141684684Copyright © Кононов Е.Е., Губин Н.А., 20232023Кононов Е.Е., Губин Н.А.Kononov E.E., Gubin N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/1628

Многочисленные зарубежные и отечественные публикации свидетельствуют о большой роли подводных каньонов в транзите рыхлого материала от литорали к абиссальным поверхностям морей. Озеро Байкал по своим гидродинамическим и батиметрическим параметрам вполне соответствует морским водным бассейнам, а байкальские каньоны по морфологическим и морфометрическим показателям аналогичны морским. Построенная на основе огромного массива батиметрических данных цифровая модель подводного рельефа юго-западного окончания озера позволила выделить вдоль подводного склона хорошо развитые долины Шаманского и Слюдянского каньонов. Данные, полученные во время исследования территории, занятой долинами каньонов, с использованием специальной геофизической аппаратуры – многолучевого эхолота Kongsberg EM710S, а также профилографа «Knudsen CHIRP 3260», анализ опубликованных материалов показали довольно высокую степень приуроченности грубообломочных осадков к долинам каньонов, их конусам выноса, что может свидетельствовать об их значительной роли в транзите осадков. Показано, что высокая сейсмичность Байкальской впадины, активный волновой режим создают благоприятные условия для формирования подвижных рыхлых масс и возникновения гравитационных потоков по долинам каньонов. Изменения климата в последние десятилетия также создают условия для разрушения вечномерзлых грунтов в бассейне Байкала и поступления в озеро новых масс осадков. Предполагается, что интенсивное освоение береговой полосы способствует накоплению вдоль побережья озера большого количества промышленных и бытовых отходов, которые могут через подводные каньоны транспортироваться в акваторию озера на разное расстояние. На сегодняшний день однозначный ответ на вопрос о реальной роли подводных каньонов в транзите техногенных отходов через долины каньонов к абиссальной поверхности озера не получен. Необходима организация обширных специализированных полевых исследований с применением высокоточной геолого-геофизической аппаратуры, планомерный отбор и тщательный геолого-геохимический анализ донного материала.

Numerous publications by domestic and foreign authors deal with a significant role of underwater canyons in transit of loose material from the littoral to the abyssal surfaces of the seas. Lake Baikal fully corresponds in its hydrodynamic and bathymetric parameters to sea water basins, and the Baikal canyons are similar in their morphological and morphometric factors to sea canyons. A digital elevation model of the southwest underwater tip of the lake, generated based on a large array of bathymetric data, allowed identifying clearly defined valleys of the Shamanka and Slyudyanka canyons. The data obtained during the study of the canyon-valley area, carried out using special geophysical measuring instruments – Kongsberg EM710S multibeam echosounder and Knudsen CHIRP 3260 profilograph, – and analysis of the published materials showed a rather high degree of confindness of coarse debris to the canyon valleys and alluvial fans which implies their significant role in sediment transit. It has been shown that high seismicity of the Baikal basin and active wave conditions give rise to the formation of movable loose sediment masses and to the occurrence of gravity flows in the canyon valleys. Climate changes over the last decades contribute also to permafrost decomposition in the Baikal basin and to new-sediment transport into the lake. It is implied that an intensive development of the coastline leads to the coastal accumulation of a large amount of industrial and municipal contaminants which can move through the canyons to different distances into the lake water area. To date, there is no definite answer to the question about an actual role of underwater canyons in the transit of technogenic wastes to the abyssal lake surface. This requires organized large-scale specialized fieldwork with the use of high-precision geological-geophysical measuring instruments, and systematic sampling and thorough analysis of the bottom material.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.