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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2022-13-3-0644</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-1538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ, ПРОГНОЗ И УПРАВЛЯЕМОЕ СНИЖЕНИЕ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ В ВЫЯВЛЕННЫХ СЕГМЕНТАХ МАГИСТРАЛЬНЫХ РАЗЛОМОВ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАКАЧКАМИ В НИХ ЖИДКОСТИ ЧЕРЕЗ ГЛУБОКИЕ МНОГОЗАБОЙНЫЕ НАКЛОННО НАПРАВЛЕННЫЕ СКВАЖИНЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STUDY, FORECAST AND CONTROLLED SEISMIC HAZARD REDUCTION IN THE IDENTIFIED SEGMENTS OF THE MAIN FAULTS BY CYCLIC INJECTION OF FLUID THROUGH DEEP MULTI-BRANCH DIRECTIONALLY INCLINED WELLS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ружич</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruzhich</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>128 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruzhich@crust.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахромеев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhromeev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128, Россия </p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83, Россия</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 257/909, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>128 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia </p><p>83 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664074, Russia</p><p>257/909 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сверкунов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sverkunov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128, Россия </p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83, Россия</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 257/909, Россия </p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 134, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>128 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia </p><p>83 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664074, Russia</p><p>257/909 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia </p><p>134 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванишин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanishin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83, Россия</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 257/909, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>83 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664074, Russia</p><p>257/909 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акчурин</surname><given-names>Р. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akchurin</surname><given-names>R. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83, Россия</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 257/909, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>83 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664074, Russia</p><p>257/909 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 664033, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 128, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>128 Lermontov St, Irkutsk 664033, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН;&#13;
Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет;&#13;
Иркутский филиал ООО «РН-Бурение»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Irkutsk National Research Technical University;&#13;
Irkutsk Branch RN-Drilling LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт земной коры СО РАН;&#13;
Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет;&#13;
Иркутский филиал ООО «РН-Бурение»;&#13;
Иркутский научный центр СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Irkutsk National Research Technical University;&#13;
Irkutsk Branch RN-Drilling LLC;&#13;
Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет;&#13;
Иркутский филиал ООО «РН-Бурение»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University;&#13;
Irkutsk Branch RN-Drilling LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>644</fpage><lpage>644</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ружич В.В., Вахромеев А.Г., Сверкунов С.А., Иванишин В.М., Акчурин Р.Х., Левина Е.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ружич В.В., Вахромеев А.Г., Сверкунов С.А., Иванишин В.М., Акчурин Р.Х., Левина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ruzhich V.V., Vakhromeev A.G., Sverkunov S.A., Ivanishin V.M., Akchurin R.H., Levina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/1538">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/1538</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработанные мировым сообществом к настоящему времени способы противостояния сильным природным и наведенным разрушительным землетрясениям не позволяют эффективно снижать материальные потери и количество жертв. Авторами предложен для обсуждения комплексный подход к решению проблемы обеспечения сейсмической безопасности, основанный на использовании новых важных сведений о геологических условиях возникновения очагов землетрясений. Для этого привлекались полученные данные с использованием результатов численного и физического моделирования, а также физических натурных экспериментов на участках реальных разломов. В работе анализировались петрофизические условия глубинных фрикционных процессов в косейсмических разрывных нарушениях, выявленные при детальном изучении фрагментов палеоочагов землетрясений, ставших доступными после их эксгумации с сейсмофокальных глубин земной коры. Собранные сведения позволили авторам с возросшей определенностью выяснять сейсмотектонические условия подготовки и возникновения источников генерации сейсмических колебаний. В кратком виде представлены результаты исследований по разработанному методу среднесрочного прогноза опасных землетрясений с М≥5.0 применительно к сейсмодинамическому режиму Байкальской рифтовой зоны. В прогнозе акцент сделан на обнаружение мест подготовки очагов землетрясений с периодом подготовки 1–11 лет.</p><p>Комплексный анализ собранных сведений позволил обосновать вывод о возможности демпфирования разрушительных последствий готовящихся землетрясений путем применения техногенных гидродинамических воздействий на выявленные сейсмоопасные сегменты разломов. В последнем разделе рассмотрен один из наиболее перспективных способов подобных техногенных воздействий, в котором используются современные достижения в технологии бурения глубоких многозабойных и наклонно направленных скважин с горизонтальными ответвлениями. Обсуждаются технические приемы, позволяющие исключать эпизоды непреднамеренной реактивации участков разломов в виде возбуждения высокоопасных землетрясений с М≥6.0. Обращается внимание на проведение тестовых испытаний на выбранных полигонах с целью совершенствования технологии в рамках подхода к демпфированию разрушительных последствий землетрясений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The methods developed by the world community to date to withstand strong natural and induced destructive earthquakes do not effectively reduce material losses and the number of victims. The authors propose for discussion an integrated approach to solving the problem of ensuring seismic safety, based on the use of new important information about the geological conditions for earthquake generation. This involved the use of results of numerical and physical modeling, as well as physical full-scale experiments in the natural fault areas. The paper analyzes the petrophysical conditions of deep-seated frictional processes in coseismic faults, revealed through detailed studies of the fragments of paleoearthquake centers that became accessible after their exhumation from seismic-focal depths of the Earth’s crust. The collected information allowed the authors to clarify with a high degree of certainty the origin and occurrence of seismic motions. This paper presents briefly the results of the medium-term forecast of earthquakes with M≥5.0 as applied to the seismodynamic regime of the Baikal rift zone. The forecast emphasizes the detection of places for 1–11-year earthquake generation cycles.</p><p>A comprehensive analysis of the collected information made it possible to substantiate the conclusion about an opportunity to prevent earthquake damage by using hydrodynamic damping of seismically hazardous fault segments. In the last section, consideration is being given to one of the most promising methods of such man-made impacts, which uses modern technological advances in drilling deep multil-branch and directionally inclined wells with horizontal deviation. The paper discusses the techniques that make it possible to prevent episodes of unexpected reactivation of fault segments in the form of excitation of earthquakes with M≥6.0. Attention is drawn to conducting tests at selected sites in order to improve the technology as part of the approach to earthquake damping.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сейсмическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>натурные эксперименты на разломах</kwd><kwd>физическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>среднесрочный прогноз</kwd><kwd>глубокие многозабойные скважины с горизонтальными стволами</kwd><kwd>волновые закачки растворов</kwd><kwd>демпфирование землетрясений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>seismic safety</kwd><kwd>full-scale experiments on faults</kwd><kwd>physical modeling</kwd><kwd>medium-term forecast</kwd><kwd>deep multibranch horizontal wells</kwd><kwd>wave injection of solutions</kwd><kwd>earthquake damping</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта № 075-15-2021-682. В работе задействовалось оборудование ЦКП «Геодинамика и геохронология» Института земной коры СО РАН. Статья подготовлена в соответствии с заданием базового научного проекта № 0346-2019-0007 ИЗК СО РАН «Тектонофизика современных геодинамических процессов в литосфере Центральной Азии как основа прогноза чрезвычайных ситуаций природного характера» и в рамках государственного задания ИФПМ СО РАН, проект III.23.1.4.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out as part of grant 075-15-2021-682. The work involved using the equipment of the Shared Research Facilities "Geodynamics and Geochronology" of the Institute of the Earth’s Crust of the Siberian Branch RAS. The paper has been prepared in accordance with the assignment of Basic Science Project 0346-2019-0007 of IEC SB RAS "Tectonophysics of Recent Geodynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of Central Asia as a Basis for Predicting Natural Disasters" and as part of the state assignment of ISPMS SB RAS, project III.23.1.4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alghanam M., Juanes R., 2020. Understanding Rate Effects in Injection-Induced Earthquakes. Nature Communications 11, 3053. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16860-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alghanam M., Juanes R., 2020. Understanding Rate Effects in Injection-Induced Earthquakes. 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