gtcrustГеодинамика и тектонофизикаGeodynamics & Tectonophysics2078-502XInstitute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch10.5800/GT-2022-13-3-0637gtcrust-1530Research ArticleПАЛЕОГЕОДИНАМИКАPALEOGEODYNAMICSПОЗДНЕПАЛЕОЗОЙСКИЙ КОНТРАСТНЫЙ МАГМАТИЗМ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ КААХЕМСКОГО МАГМАТИЧЕСКОГО АРЕАЛА (ЦЕНТРАЛЬНО-АЗИАТСКИЙ СКЛАДЧАТЫЙ ПОЯС)LATE PALEOZOIC CONTRASTING MAGMATISM OF THE EASTERN KAAKHEM MAGMATIC AREA (CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT)КармышеваИ. В.KarmyshevaI. V.

630090, Новосибирск, пр-т Академика Коптюга, 3, Россия 

3 Academician Koptyug Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 

ЯковлевВ. А.YakovlevV. A.

630090, Новосибирск, пр-т Академика Коптюга, 3, Россия 

3 Academician Koptyug Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 

СугораковаА. М.SugorakovaA. M.

667007, Кызыл, ул. Интернациональная, 117а, Республика Тыва,  Россия 

Internatsionalnaya St, 117а, Kyzyl, 667007, Republic of Tyva, Russia 

РудневС. Н.RudnevS. N.

630090, Новосибирск, пр-т Академика Коптюга, 3, Россия 

3 Academician Koptyug Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 

СеменоваД. В.SemenovaD. V.

630090, Новосибирск, пр-т Академика Коптюга, 3, Россия 

3 Academician Koptyug Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 

Институт геологии и минералогии им. В.С. Соболева СО РАНРоссияSobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationТувинский институт комплексного освоения природных ресурсов СО РАНРоссияTuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202219092022133637637Copyright © Кармышева И.В., Яковлев В.А., Сугоракова А.М., Руднев С.Н., Семенова Д.В., 20222022Кармышева И.В., Яковлев В.А., Сугоракова А.М., Руднев С.Н., Семенова Д.В.Karmysheva I.V., Yakovlev V.A., Sugorakova A.M., Rudnev S.N., Semenova D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/1530

В настоящей работе на основе изотопно-геохронологических (цирконы, U-Pb метод), петрогеохимических и структурно-петрологических данных приводится характеристика позднепалеозойского магматизма Каахемского ареала (Восточная Тува). Выявлены два этапа контрастного по составу магматизма при становлении Шивейского щелочно-гранитоидного и Чадалского габброидного массивов в период 292–283 млн лет. Ранний этап характеризуется формированием структур плутонического минглинга и образованием пород промежуточного состава. Деформационные структуры, широко распространенные в породах раннего минглинга, имеют наложенный характер и формировались в обстановках растяжения. На позднем этапе последовательное внедрение салических и мафических магм происходило в зоны локального растяжения во вмещающих породах раннего минглинга. Мафические породы раннего и позднего минглинга идентичны по петрогеохимическому составу, что указывает на их происхождение из единого глубинного обогащенного источника. Образование граносиенитов и гранитов связано с плавлением тоналитов и метаосадочных пород со значительным вкладом мантийного компонента. Одновременное становление Чадалского габброидного и Шивейского гранитоидного массивов происходило на внутриплитном этапе развития геологических структур Восточной Тувы в позднем палеозое.

Based on the isotope-geochronological (zircons, U-Pb method), petrogeochemical, and structural and petrologic data, the following paper provides a detailed description of the characteristics of the Late Paleozoic basic and granitoid magmatism in the eastern part of the Kaakhem magmatic area (Eastern Tuva). During the formation of the Shivey alkaline-granitoid and Chadal gabbroid massifs in the period of 292–283 Ma, there were revealed two stages of contrasting magmatism. The early stage is characterized by the formation of plutonic mingling structures and intermediate rocks. Deformation structures, widespread in the early-mingling rocks, are superimposed and formed in extensional regime. At a later stage, there occurred a sequential intrusion of salic and mafic magmas into the zones of local extension in the early-mingling host rocks. A similar petrogeochemical composition of basic rocks of the early and late mingling indicates that they all formed from enriched magma. Granosyenites and granites are derived from melting of tonalities and metasedimentary rocks with a significant contribution of the mantle component. The simultaneous formation of the Chadal gabbroid and Shivei granitoid massifs took place at the intraplate stage of the development of geological structures of Eastern Tuva in the Late Paleozoic.

раннепермский магматизмгаббро-гранитный магматизмминглингU-Pb методКаахемский батолитEarly Permian magmatismgabbro-granite magmatismminglingU-Pb methodKaakhem batolithИсследование выполнено по государственному заданию ИГМ СО РАН.Work is done on state assignment of IGM SB RAS.ReferencesAndersen T., 2002. Correction of Common Lead in U-Pb Analyses That Do Not Report 204Pb. Chemical Geology 192 (1–2), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00195-X.Andersen T., 2002. Correction of Common Lead in U-Pb Analyses That Do Not Report 204Pb. Chemical Geology 192 (1–2), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00195-X.Barbarin B., 2005. Mafic Magmatic Enclaves and Mafic Rocks Associated with Some Granitoids of the Central Sierra Nevada Batholith, California: Nature, Origin, and Relations with the Hosts. Lithos 80 (1–4), 155–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.05.010.Barbarin B., 2005. Mafic Magmatic Enclaves and Mafic Rocks Associated with Some Granitoids of the Central Sierra Nevada Batholith, California: Nature, Origin, and Relations with the Hosts. Lithos 80 (1–4), 155–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.05.010.Boynton W.V., 1984. Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Meteorite Studies. Rare Earth Element Geochemistry. Developments in Geochemistry 2, 63–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42148-7.50008-3.Boynton W.V., 1984. Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Meteorite Studies. Rare Earth Element Geochemistry. Developments in Geochemistry 2, 63–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42148-7.50008-3.Chappell B.W., White A.J.R., 2001. Two Contrasting Granite Types. 25 Years Later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 48 (4), 489–499. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2001.00882.x.Chappell B.W., White A.J.R., 2001. Two Contrasting Granite Types. 25 Years Later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 48 (4), 489–499. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2001.00882.x.Dobretsov N.L., Borisenko A.S., Izokh A.E., Zhmodik S.M., 2010. A Thermochemical Model of Eurasian Permo-Triassic Mantle Plumes as a Basis for Prediction and Exploration for Cu-Ni-Pge and Rare-Metal Ore Deposits. Russian Geology and Geophysics 51 (9), 903–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2010.08.002.Dobretsov N.L., Borisenko A.S., Izokh A.E., Zhmodik S.M., 2010. A Thermochemical Model of Eurasian Permo-Triassic Mantle Plumes as a Basis for Prediction and Exploration for Cu-Ni-Pge and Rare-Metal Ore Deposits. Russian Geology and Geophysics 51 (9), 903–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2010.08.002.Frost B.R., Barnes C.G., Collins W.J., Arculus R.J., Ellis D.J., Frost C.D., 2001. A Geochemical Classification for Granitic Rocks. Journal of Petrology 42 (11), 2035–2048. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033.Frost B.R., Barnes C.G., Collins W.J., Arculus R.J., Ellis D.J., Frost C.D., 2001. A Geochemical Classification for Granitic Rocks. Journal of Petrology 42 (11), 2035–2048. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033.Grebennikov А.V., 2014. A-Type Granites and Related Rocks: Petrogenesis and Classification. Russian Geology and Geophysics 55 (9), 1356–1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2014.08.003.Grebennikov А.V., 2014. A-Type Granites and Related Rocks: Petrogenesis and Classification. Russian Geology and Geophysics 55 (9), 1356–1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2014.08.003.Griffin W.L., Powell W.J., Pearson N.J., O’Reilly S.Y., 2008. GLITTER: Data Reduction Software for Laser Ablation ICPMS. In: P.J. Sylvester (Ed.), Laser Ablation-ICP-MS in the Earth Sciences: Current Practices and Outstanding Issues. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series. Vol. 40. Vancouver, p. 308–311.Griffin W.L., Powell W.J., Pearson N.J., O’Reilly S.Y., 2008. GLITTER: Data Reduction Software for Laser Ablation ICPMS. In: P.J. Sylvester (Ed.), Laser Ablation-ICP-MS in the Earth Sciences: Current Practices and Outstanding Issues. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series. Vol. 40. Vancouver, p. 308–311.Hibbard M.J., 1991. Textural Anatomy of Twelve Magma-Mixed Granitoid Systems. In: J. Didier, B. Barbarin (Eds), Enclaves and Granite Petrology. Developments in Petrology 13, 431–444.Hibbard M.J., 1991. Textural Anatomy of Twelve Magma-Mixed Granitoid Systems. In: J. Didier, B. Barbarin (Eds), Enclaves and Granite Petrology. Developments in Petrology 13, 431–444.Khromykh S.V., Tsygankov A.A., Burmakina G.N., Kotler P.D., Sokolova E.N., 2018. Mantle-Crust Interaction in Petrogenesis of the Gabbro-Granite Association in the Preobrazhenka Intrusion, Eastern Kazakhstan. Petrology 26, 368–388. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591118040045.Khromykh S.V., Tsygankov A.A., Burmakina G.N., Kotler P.D., Sokolova E.N., 2018. Mantle-Crust Interaction in Petrogenesis of the Gabbro-Granite Association in the Preobrazhenka Intrusion, Eastern Kazakhstan. Petrology 26, 368–388. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591118040045.Kozlovsky A.M., Yarmolyuk V.V., Salnikova E.B., Travin A.V., Kotov A.B., Plotkina J.V., Kudryashova E.A., Savatenkov V.M., 2015. Late Paleozoic Anorogenic Magmatism of the Gobi Altai (SW Mongolia): Tectonic Position, Geochronology and Correlation with Igneous Activity of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Science 113 (1), 524–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.01.013.Kozlovsky A.M., Yarmolyuk V.V., Salnikova E.B., Travin A.V., Kotov A.B., Plotkina J.V., Kudryashova E.A., Savatenkov V.M., 2015. Late Paleozoic Anorogenic Magmatism of the Gobi Altai (SW Mongolia): Tectonic Position, Geochronology and Correlation with Igneous Activity of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Science 113 (1), 524–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.01.013.Kozlovsky A.M., Yarmolyuk V.V., Travin A.V., Salnikova E.B., Anisimova I.V., Plotkina Yu.V., Savatenkov V.M., Fedoseenko A.M., Yakovleva S.Z., 2012. Stages and Regularities in the Development of Late Paleozoic Anorogenic Volcanism in the Southern Mongolia Hercynides. Doklady Earth Science 445, 811–817. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X12070239.Kozlovsky A.M., Yarmolyuk V.V., Travin A.V., Salnikova E.B., Anisimova I.V., Plotkina Yu.V., Savatenkov V.M., Fedoseenko A.M., Yakovleva S.Z., 2012. Stages and Regularities in the Development of Late Paleozoic Anorogenic Volcanism in the Southern Mongolia Hercynides. Doklady Earth Science 445, 811–817. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X12070239.Кузьмичев А.Б. Тектоническая история Тувино-Монгольского массива: раннебайкальский, позднебайкальский и раннекаледонский этапы. М.: Пробел-2000, 2004. 192 с.Kuzmichev A.B., 2004. Tectonic History of the Tuva-Mongolian Massif: Early Baikal, Late Baikal and Early Caledonian Stages. Probel-2000, Moscow, 192 p. (in Russian).Kuz’min M.I., Yarmolyuk V.V., Kravchinsky V.A., 2011. Phanerozoic Within-Plate Magmatism of North Asia: Absolute Paleogeographic Reconstructions of the African Large Low-Shear-Velocity Province. Geotectonics 45, 415–438. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852111060045.Kuz’min M.I., Yarmolyuk V.V., Kravchinsky V.A., 2011. Phanerozoic Within-Plate Magmatism of North Asia: Absolute Paleogeographic Reconstructions of the African Large Low-Shear-Velocity Province. Geotectonics 45, 415–438. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852111060045.Laurent O., Martin H., Moyen J.F., Doucelance R., 2014. The Diversity and Evolution of Late-Archean Granitoids: Evidence for the Onset of "Modern-Style" Plate Tectonics between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga. Lithos 205, 208–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.012.Laurent O., Martin H., Moyen J.F., Doucelance R., 2014. The Diversity and Evolution of Late-Archean Granitoids: Evidence for the Onset of "Modern-Style" Plate Tectonics between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga. Lithos 205, 208–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.012.Литвиновский Б.А., Занвилевич А.Н., Калманович М.А. Многократное смешение сосуществующих сиенитовых и базитовых магм и его петрологическое значение, Усть-Хилокский массив, Забайкалье // Петрология. 1995. Т. 3. № 2. С. 133–157.Litvinovsky B.A., Zanvilevich A.N., Kalmanovich M.A., 1995. Multiple Displacements of Coexisting Syenite and Basite Magmas and Their Petrological Importance, Ust-Khilok Massif, Transbaikalia. Petrology 3 (2), 133–157 (in Russian).Ludwig K.R., 2003. ISOPLOT/Ex: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Version 3.00. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication 4, 74 p.Ludwig K.R., 2003. ISOPLOT/Ex: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Version 3.00. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication 4, 74 p.Munker C., Pfander J.A., Weyer S., Buchl A., Kleine T., Mezger K., 2003. Evolution of Planetary Cores and the Earth–Moon System from Nb/Ta Systematic. Science 301 (5629), 84–87. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1084662.Munker C., Pfander J.A., Weyer S., Buchl A., Kleine T., Mezger K., 2003. Evolution of Planetary Cores and the Earth–Moon System from Nb/Ta Systematic. Science 301 (5629), 84–87. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1084662.Pearce J.A., 2008. Geochemical Fingerprinting of Oceanic Basalts with Applications to Ophiolite Classification and the Search for Archean Oceanic Crust. Lithos 100 (1–4), 14–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.016.Pearce J.A., 2008. Geochemical Fingerprinting of Oceanic Basalts with Applications to Ophiolite Classification and the Search for Archean Oceanic Crust. Lithos 100 (1–4), 14–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.016.Петрографический кодекс России. Магматические, метаморфические, метасоматические, импактные образования. СПб.: Изд-во ВСЕГЕИ, 2009. 200 с.Petrographic Code of Russia: Magmatic, Metamorphic, Metasomatic and Impact Formations, 2009. VSEGEI Publishing House, Saint Petersburg, 200 p. (in Russian).Полянский О.П., Семенов А.Н., Владимиров В.Г., Кармышева И.В., Владимиров А.Г., Яковлев В.А. Численная модель магматического минглинга (на примере баянкольской габбро-гранитной серии, Сангилен, Тува) // Геодинамика и тектонофизика. 2017. Т. 8. № 2. С. 385–403. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2017-8-2-0247.Polyansky O.P., Semenov A.N., Vladimirov V.G., Karmysheva I.V., Vladimirov A.G., Yakovlev V.A., 2017. Numerical Simulation of Magma Mingling (Case of Bayankol Gabbro‐Granite Series, Sangilen, Tuva). Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 8 (2), 385–403 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2017-8-2-0247.Rosenberg C.L., Handy M.R., 2005. Experimental Deformation of Partially Melted Granite Revisited: Implications for the Continental Crust. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 23 (1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00555.x.Rosenberg C.L., Handy M.R., 2005. Experimental Deformation of Partially Melted Granite Revisited: Implications for the Continental Crust. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 23 (1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00555.x.Rudnev S.N., Serov P.A., Kiseleva V.Yu., 2015. Vendian–Early Paleozoic Granitoid Magmatism in Eastern Tuva. Russian Geology and Geophysics 56 (9), 1232–1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.08.002.Rudnev S.N., Serov P.A., Kiseleva V.Yu., 2015. Vendian–Early Paleozoic Granitoid Magmatism in Eastern Tuva. Russian Geology and Geophysics 56 (9), 1232–1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.08.002.Slama J., Kosler J., Condon D.J., Crowley J.L., Gerdes A., Hanchar J.M., Horstwood M.S.A., Morris G.A. et al., 2008. Plešovice Zircon – A New Natural Reference Material for U-Pb and Hf Isotopic Microanalysis. Chemical Geology 249 (1–2), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.005.Slama J., Kosler J., Condon D.J., Crowley J.L., Gerdes A., Hanchar J.M., Horstwood M.S.A., Morris G.A. et al., 2008. Plešovice Zircon – A New Natural Reference Material for U-Pb and Hf Isotopic Microanalysis. Chemical Geology 249 (1–2), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.005.Сугоракова А.М. Роль габброидного магматизма в формировании Каахемского магматического ареала (Восточная Тува) // Петрология магматических и метаморфических комплексов: Материалы IX Всероссийской петрографической конференции (28 ноября – 2 декабря 2017 г.). Томск: ЦНТИ, 2017. Вып. 9. С. 395-398.Sugorakova A.M., 2017. A Role of Gabbroid Magmatism in Formation of the Kaakhem Magmatic Area (Eastern Tuva). In: Petrology of Igneous and Metamorphic Complexes. Proceedings of the IX All-Russia Petrographic Conference (November 28 – December 26, 2017). Vol. 9. Publishing House of CSTI, Tomsk, p. 395–398 (in Russian).Сугоракова А.М., Хертек А.К. Новые данные к вопросу о возрасте Каахемского магматического ареала (Восточная Тува) // Геосферные исследования. 2017. № 3. С. 50–60. https://doi.org/10.17223/25421379/4/7.Sugorakova A.M., Khertek A.K., 2017. The New Data to the Question of the Age of Associations Kaakhem Magmatic Area (Eastern Tuva). Geosphere Research 3, 50–60 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.17223/25421379/4/7.Sugorakova A.M., Yarmolyuk V.V., Lebedev V.I., Lykhin D.A., 2011. Late Paleozoic Alkali–Granitic Magmatism of Tuva and Its Relation to Intraplate Activity within the Siberian Paleocontinent. Doklady Earth Sciences 439, 1070. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X11080198.Sugorakova A.M., Yarmolyuk V.V., Lebedev V.I., Lykhin D.A., 2011. Late Paleozoic Alkali–Granitic Magmatism of Tuva and Its Relation to Intraplate Activity within the Siberian Paleocontinent. Doklady Earth Sciences 439, 1070. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X11080198.Sylvester P.J., 1998. Post-Collisional Strongly Peraluminous Granites. Lithos 45 (1–4), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00024-3.Sylvester P.J., 1998. Post-Collisional Strongly Peraluminous Granites. Lithos 45 (1–4), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00024-3.Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 379 p.Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 379 p.Tsygankov А.А., 2014. Late Paleozoic Granitoids in Western Transbaikalia: Sequence of Formation, Sources of Magmas, and Geodynamics. Russian Geology and Geophysics 55 (2), 153–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2014.01.004.Tsygankov А.А., 2014. Late Paleozoic Granitoids in Western Transbaikalia: Sequence of Formation, Sources of Magmas, and Geodynamics. Russian Geology and Geophysics 55 (2), 153–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2014.01.004.Ubide T., Gale C., Larrea P., Arranz E., Lago M., Tierz P., 2014. The Relevance of Crystal Transfer to Magma Mixing: A Case Study in Composite Dykes from the Central Pyrenees. Journal of Petrology 55 (8), 1535–1559. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egu033.Ubide T., Gale C., Larrea P., Arranz E., Lago M., Tierz P., 2014. The Relevance of Crystal Transfer to Magma Mixing: A Case Study in Composite Dykes from the Central Pyrenees. Journal of Petrology 55 (8), 1535–1559. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egu033.Vladimirov A.G., Kruk N.N., Khromykh S.V., Polyansky O.P., Chervov V.V., Vladimirov V.G., Travin A.V., Babin G.A., Kuibida M.L., Khomyakov V.D., 2008. Permian Magmatism and Lithospheric Deformation in the Altai Caused by Crustal and Mantle Thermal Processes. Russian Geology and Geophysics 49 (7), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2008.06.006.Vladimirov A.G., Kruk N.N., Khromykh S.V., Polyansky O.P., Chervov V.V., Vladimirov V.G., Travin A.V., Babin G.A., Kuibida M.L., Khomyakov V.D., 2008. Permian Magmatism and Lithospheric Deformation in the Altai Caused by Crustal and Mantle Thermal Processes. Russian Geology and Geophysics 49 (7), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2008.06.006.Whalen J.B., Currie K.L., Chappell B.W., 1987. A-Type Granites: Geochemical Characteristics, Discrimination and Petrogenesis. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology 95, 407–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402202.Whalen J.B., Currie K.L., Chappell B.W., 1987. A-Type Granites: Geochemical Characteristics, Discrimination and Petrogenesis. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology 95, 407–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402202.Xiao W., Huang B., Han Ch., Sun Sh., Li J., 2010. A Review of the Western Part of the Altaids: A Key to Understanding the Architecture of Accretionary Orogens. Gondwana Research 18 (2–3), 253–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.01.007.Xiao W., Huang B., Han Ch., Sun Sh., Li J., 2010. A Review of the Western Part of the Altaids: A Key to Understanding the Architecture of Accretionary Orogens. Gondwana Research 18 (2–3), 253–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.01.007.Yarmolyuk V.V., Kovalenko V.I., 2003. Batholiths and Geodynamics of Batholith Formation in the Central Asian Fold Belt. Russian Geology and Geophysics 44 (12), 1260–1274.Yarmolyuk V.V., Kovalenko V.I., 2003. Batholiths and Geodynamics of Batholith Formation in the Central Asian Fold Belt. Russian Geology and Geophysics 44 (12), 1260–1274.Yarmolyuk V.V., Kovalenko V.I., Kuz’min M.I., 2000. North Asian Superplume Activity in the Phanerozoic: Magmatism and Geodynamics. Geotectonics 34 (5), 343–366.Yarmolyuk V.V., Kovalenko V.I., Kuz’min M.I., 2000. North Asian Superplume Activity in the Phanerozoic: Magmatism and Geodynamics. Geotectonics 34 (5), 343–366.Ярмолюк В.В., Козловский А.М., Саватенков В.М. Гигантские батолиты Центральной Азии и роль мантийных плюмов в их формировании: по результатам изотопных (Nd, Pb) и геохимических исследований // Крупные изверженные провинции в истории Земли: мантийные плюмы, суперконтиненты, климатические изменения, металлогения, формирование нефти и газа, планеты земной группы: Тезисы VII Международной конференции (28 августа – 8 сентября 2019 г.). Томск: ЦНТИ, 2019. С. 193–194.Yarmolyuk V.V., Kozlovsky A.M., Savatenkov V.M., 2019. Gigantic Batholiths of Central Asia and a Role of Mantle Plumes in Their Formation from the Isotopic (Nd, Pb) and Geochemical Data. In: Large Ingenuous Provinces in the History of the Earth: Mantle Plumes, Supercontinents, Climate Changes, Metallogeny, Oil and Gas Formation, Terrestrial Planets. Abstract Volume of the VII International Conference (August 28 – September 8, 2019). Publishing House of CSTI, Tomsk, p. 193–194 (in Russian).Yarmolyuk V.V., Kuzmin M.I., 2011. Rifting and Silicic Large Igneous Provinces of the Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic in the Central Asia. Available from: http://www.largeigneousprovinces.org (Last Accessed June 15, 2021).Yarmolyuk V.V., Kuzmin M.I., 2011. Rifting and Silicic Large Igneous Provinces of the Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic in the Central Asia. Available from: http://www.largeigneousprovinces.org (Last Accessed June 15, 2021).Yarmolyuk V.V., Kuzmin M.I., Kozlovsky A.M., 2013. Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic Within-Plate Magmatism in North Asia: Traps, Rifts, Giant Batholiths, and the Geodynamics of Thear Origin. Petrology 21, 101–126. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591113010062.Yarmolyuk V.V., Kuzmin M.I., Kozlovsky A.M., 2013. Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic Within-Plate Magmatism in North Asia: Traps, Rifts, Giant Batholiths, and the Geodynamics of Thear Origin. Petrology 21, 101–126. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591113010062.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.