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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2012-3-1-0060</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНОЙ И ОКЕАНИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТОСФЕРЫ КАК СЛЕДСТВИЕ СЕВЕРНОГО ДРЕЙФА ЯДРА ЗЕМЛИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SPECIFIC FEATURES OF DEFORMATION OF THE CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE AS A RESULT OF THE EARTH CORE NORTHERN DRIFT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Михаил Адрианович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.г.-м.н., зав. лаб. тектонофизики и геотектоники им. В.В. Белоусова,</p><p>119991, ГСП-1, Москва, Ленинские горы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Head of Belousov Laboratory of Tectonophysics and Geotectonics,</p><p>Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, GSP-1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.a.gonch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разницин</surname><given-names>Юрий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Raznitsin</surname><given-names>Yuri N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.г.-м.н., в.н.с.,</p><p>109017, Москва, Пыжевский пер., д. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Lead Researcher,</p><p>7 Pyzhevsky pereulok, Moscow 109017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">razn46@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баркин</surname><given-names>Юрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkin</surname><given-names>Yuri V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, в.н.с.,</p><p>119992, Москва, Университетский пр-т, д. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Lead Researcher,</p><p>13 Universitetsky prospect, Moscow 119992</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">barkin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Geological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University,</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Геологический институт РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный астрономический институт им. П.К. Штернберга МГУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Sternberg Astronomical Institute,&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гончаров М.А., Разницин Ю.Н., Баркин Ю.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончаров М.А., Разницин Ю.Н., Баркин Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharov M.A., Raznitsin Y.N., Barkin Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/150">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/150</self-uri><abstract><p>На фоне разнообразных направлений горизонтального перемещения, сочетающегося с деформациями горизонтального растяжения, сжатия и сдвига литосферы (рис. 1), обнаружено явление дрейфа и субмеридионального сжатия континентальной и океанической литосферы, вектор которых направлен на север (рис. 7–14). Среди различных структурных форм и их парагенезов – индикаторов такого сжатия – ведущую роль играют надвиги северной вергентности (рис. 15–17, 19, 22–24). Этот процесс не был непрерывным, но проявлял себя во времени дискретно, накладываясь на процессы коллизионного орогенеза и платформенных деформаций континентальной литосферы и аккреции океанической коры в зонах спрединга. Выявлены три основных этапа субмеридионального сжатия океанической литосферы: позднеюрский – позднемеловой, позднемиоценовый и современный.</p><p>Посредством представления о компенсационной организации тектонического течения в теле Земли предложена модель меридиональной конвекции (рис. 25) как составного элемента надглобальной конвективной геодинамической системы наиболее крупномасштабного ранга, включающей также западную компоненту дрейфа литосферы (рис. 6) и «скручивание» Земли. На фоне этой системы функционируют геодинамические системы более мелкомасштабных рангов (таблица; рис. 2, 3), ответственные за периодическое созидание и распад суперконтинентов, тектонику литосферных плит и региональные геодинамические процессы и создающие «структурный шум», наличие которого затрудняет обнаружение структур субмеридионального сжатия, упомянутых выше. Верхний горизонтальный поток меридиональной конвекции как раз и является причиной формирования этих структур.</p><p>Меридиональная конвекция – следствие установленного независимыми методами дрейфа ядра Земли к Северному полюсу и сопротивления мантии этому дрейфу (рис. 26, 27).</p><p>Сопоставление формул, описывающих модель северного дрейфа литосферы и модель дрейфа ядра к Северному полюсу, позволило перебросить количественный «мост» между структурами меридионального сжатия литосферы и дрейфом ядра.</p><p>Следствия из модели северного дрейфа литосферы согласуются со многими независимыми данными и концепциями. Это нарушение изостатического равновесия литосферы Антарктиды и ее высокое стояние; аномально широкий шельф Арктического океана (рис. 28, а) и повышенная мощность богатого углеводородами осадочного чехла в сочетании с ультранизкой скоростью спрединга в срединно-океаническом хребте Гаккеля; примерное равенство площадей антиподально расположенных Антарктиды и Арктического океана (рис. 28, б); удлинение (по данным GPS) параллелей в Южном полушарии и их укорочение в Северном полушарии (рис. 26); радиальные по отношению к Южному полюсу рифты и другие линеаменты в Антарктиде (рис. 29, 30); субконцентрическая (по отношению к тому же полюсу) система спрединга вокруг Антарктиды, переходящая к северу в субмеридиональную систему в виде трех «стволов» примерно через 90° (рис. 31).</p><p>Повышенная скорость северного дрейфа литосферы в полосе со средним меридианом 100° в.д. – 80° з.д., в которой сосредоточена основная масса континентальной литосферы и два «полюса» которой обозначены осями Африканского и Тихоокеанского суперплюмов (рис. 3–5, 32), обусловила следующие особенности: максимальное удлинение Антарктического континента в Южном («растянутом») полушарии (рис. 28, б); максимальное укорочение Арктического океана в Северном («сжатом») полушарии (рис. 28, а); максимальную скорость спрединга в Юго-Восточном Индийском срединном хребте (рис. 33); максимальную северную компоненту скорости горизонтальных перемещений (по данным GPS, рис. 34); максимально широкий и глубокий (до 400 км) мантийный диапир – Зондский; максимально высокий ороген – Гималаи; максимально широкое и высокое плато – Тибет; максимально длинный и глубокий рифт − Байкальский. Вблизи этой меридиональной полосы находится Индостанский индентор (рис. 20). На его фронте находятся Гималаи, Тибет и более удаленный Байкал, в его тылу − зона внутриплитных деформаций субмеридионального сжатия. К этой же полосе приурочен и п-ов Таймыр (рис. 28, а), в направлении которого и дрейфует земное ядро.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Drifting and submeridional compression of the continental and oceanic lithosphere, both with the northward vector (Figure 1) are revealed at the background of various directions of horizontal displacement combined with deformations of horizontal extension, compression and shear of the lithosphere (Figures 7–14). Among various structural forms and their paragenezises, indicators of such compression, the north vergence thrusts play the leading role (Figures 15–17, 19, and 22–24). This process was discontinuous, manifested discretely in time, and superimposed on processes of collisional orogenesis and platform deformations of the continental lithosphere and accretion of the oceanic lithosphere in spreading zones. Three main stages of submeridional compression of the oceanic lithosphere are distinguished as follows: Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous, Late Miocene, and the contemporary stages.</p><p>Based on the concept of balanced tectonic flow in the Earth’s body, a model of meridional convection (Figure 25) is proposed. In this case, meridional convection is considered as an integral element of the overglobal convective geodynamic system of the largest-scale rank, which also includes the western component of the lithosphere drift (Figure 6) and the Earth’s ‘wrenching’. At the background of this system, geodynamic systems of smaller scale ranks are functioning (Table 1; Figures 2, and 3). The latters are responsible for the periodic creation and break-up of supercontinents, plate tectonics and regional geodynamical processes; they also produce the ‘structural background’, in the presence of which it is challenging to reveal the above mentioned submeridional compression structures. Formation of such structures is caused by the upper horizontal flow of meridional convection.</p><p>Meridional convection occurs due to drifting of the Earth core towards the North Pole (which is detected by a number of independent methods) and resistance of the mantle to drifting (Figures 26, and 27).</p><p>By comparing the equations that describe the model of the northern drift of the lithosphere and the model of the core drift towards the North Pole, it is possible to establish a quantitative ‘bridge’ between the structures of meridional compression of the lithosphere and the core drifting structures.</p><p>Conclusions based on the model of the northern drift of the lithosphere conform to many independent data and concepts, such as disturbance of the isostatic equilibrium of the Antarctica lithosphere and its high standing; the anomalously wide shelf of the Arctic ocean (Figure 28а) and the increased thickness of the sediment cover, that is rich in hydrocarbons, in combination with the ultralow velocity of spreading in Gakkel Ridge; the approximately equal areas of Antarctica and the Arctic ocean as antipodes (Figure 28б); elongation (according to GPS data) of the parallels in the Southern hemisphere, and their shortening in the Northern hemisphere (Figure 26); radial (relative to the South Pole) rifts and other lineaments in Antarctica (Figures 29, and 30); the sub-concentric (relative to the same pole) system of spreading around Antarctica, which develops northward into the submeridional system including three ‘trunks’ at a distance of about 90° (Figure 31).</p><p>Due to the higher velocity of the northern drift of the lithosphere within the band with the middle meridian 100° E – 80° W, wherein the main mass of the continental lithosphere is concentrated and whose two ‘poles’ are marked by the axes of the African and Pacific superplumes (Figures 3, 4, 5, and 32), the following specific features have developed: maximum elongation of the Antarctic continent in the Southern (‘stretched’) hemisphere (Figure 28 б); maximum shortening of the Arctic ocean in the Northern (‘compressed’) hemisphere (Figure 28а); maximum spreading velocity in the SouthEastern Indian Ridge (Figure 33); maximum northern component of the horizontal displacements velocity (according to GPS data) (Figure 34); the mantle Sunda diapir of maximum width and depth (to 400 km); the Himalayas as an orogen of maximum height; Tibet as a plateau of maximum width and height; and Baikal as a rift of maximum length and depth. The Hindustan indenter is neighboring this meridional band (Figure 20). The Himalayas, Tibet and more remote Baikal are located at its front, and the zone of intra-plate deformations (also caused by the meridional compression) is revealed in the rear. Also associated with this band is the Taimyr Peninsula (Figure 28а), in the direction of which the Earth core drifts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конвективная геодинамическая система</kwd><kwd>литосфера континентальная и океаническая</kwd><kwd>меридиональная конвекция</kwd><kwd>северный дрейф литосферы и земного ядра</kwd><kwd>субмеридиональное сжатие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>convective geodynamic system</kwd><kwd>continental and oceanic lithosphere</kwd><kwd>meridional convection</kwd><kwd>the northern drift of the lithosphere and the Earth core</kwd><kwd>submeridional compression</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ, Ю.Г.Леонов</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adushkin V.V., An V.A., Ovchinnikov V.M. 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