<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2010-1-4-0027</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-118</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИЙ ПОРТРЕТ РАЗЛОМНОЙ ЗОНЫ. ЧТО МОЖЕТ ДАТЬ АНАЛИЗ ТОНКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ОЧАГОВ СЛАБЫХ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SEISMIC PICTURE OF A FAULT ZONE. WHAT CAN BE GAINED FROM THE ANALYSIS OF FINE PATTERNS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WEAK EARTHQUAKE CENTERS?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочарян</surname><given-names>Геворг Грантович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kocharyan</surname><given-names>Gevorg G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. физ.-мат. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией,</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 38, корпус 1,</p><p>gevorgkidg@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Head of Laboratory,</p><p>119334, Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 38, Building 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gevorgk@idg.chph.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кишкина</surname><given-names>Светлана Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kishkina</surname><given-names>Svetlana B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, с.н.с.,</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 38, корпус 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Senior Researcher,</p><p>119334, Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 38, Building 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlank@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапчук</surname><given-names>Алексей Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapchuk</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь,</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 38, корпус 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Engineer,</p><p>119334, Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 38, Building 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostap165@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт динамики геосфер РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>419</fpage><lpage>440</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочарян Г.Г., Кишкина С.Б., Остапчук А.А., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочарян Г.Г., Кишкина С.Б., Остапчук А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kocharyan G.G., Kishkina S.B., Ostapchuk A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/118">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/118</self-uri><abstract><p>Расположение гипоцентров землетрясений в разломных зонах и тектонических узлах проявляется тем очевиднее, чем выше точность определения их положения. При этом сложная, разветвленная структура крупных разломных зон предполагает, что часть землетрясений происходит на оперяющих нарушениях более мелкого масштаба. Тем самым формируется «сейсмологический» критерий определения зоны динамического влияния разлома – зоны, в которой сосредоточена основная часть землетрясений, приуроченных к нему.</p><p>В работе рассматривается сейсмогенная структура нескольких разломных зон, расположенных в системе разломов Сан-Андреас. Высокая плотность расположения современных цифровых сейсмических станций в этом регионе и развитие современных методов обработки позволяют определять относительные координаты микро-землетрясений с ошибкой первые десятки метров, что дает возможность с высокой точностью установить границы области, в которой происходят активные деформационные процессы, и выявить пространственные особенности расположения сейсмических событий.</p><p>Мы использовали один из совершенных сейсмических каталогов, включающий события, произошедшие в районе Северной Калифорнии и зарегистрированные в интервале времени между январем 1984 г. и маем 2003 г. Результаты обработки сейсмических данных и выявленные в процессе анализа закономерности сопоставляются в статье с данными изучения структуры разломов, модельных и численных экспериментов; приведено количественное исследование закономерностей локализации очагов внутри разломных зон.</p><p>При помощи трехмерных построений продемонстрировано, что события локализуются в окрестности поверхности, близкой к плоскости с почти постоянным углом падения, причем основная масса событий оказывается сосредоточенной именно на этой условной плоскости.</p><p>Выявление характерных масштабов локализации сейсмичности может оказаться крайне важным в контексте задач о техногенном воздействии на разломную зону с целью частичного снятия напряжений. Судя по полученным результатам, область, в которой происходит активное деформирование при подготовке средних землетрясений (M≤6.5÷7.0), представляет из себя совокупность локальных «полос», каждая из которых имеет характерный размер порядка 100 м, который, в свою очередь, сопоставим с техногенными возможностями воздействия на геосреду. Можно надеяться, что исследование не только пространственной, но и временной тонкой структуры сейсмичности в окрестности разломной зоны позволит найти надежные ориентиры как места, так и времени осуществления подобных воздействий.</p><p>Выполненная работа демонстрирует необходимость создания в России исследовательских полигонов с развитыми и оснащенными локальными сейсмическими сетями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Association of earthquake hypocenters with fault zones appears more pronounced in cases with more accurately determined positions of the earthquakes. For complex, branched structures of major fault zones, it is assumed that some of the earthquakes occur at feathering fractures of smaller scale.It is thus possible to develop a «seismological» criterion for definition of a zone of dynamic influence of faults, i.e. the zone containing the majority of earthquakes associated with the fault zone under consideration.</p><p>In this publication, seismogenic structures of several fault zones located in the San-Andreas fault system are reviewed. Based on the data from a very dense network of digital seismic stations installed in this region and with application of modern data processing methods, differential coordinates of microearthquakes can be determined with errors of about first dozens of meters.It is thus possible to precisely detect boundaries of the areas wherein active deformation processes occur and to reveal spatial patterns of seismic event localization.</p><p>In our analyses, data from the most comprehensive seismic catalog were used. The catalogue includes information on events which occurred and were registered in North California in the period between January 1984 and May 2003. In this publication, the seismic data processing results and regularities revealed during the analyses are compared with the data obtained from studies of fault structures, modeling and numerical simulation results. Results of quantitative research of regularities of localization of seismic sources inside fault zones are presented.</p><p>It is demonstrated by 3D models that seismic events are localized in the vicinity of an almost plain surface with a nearly constant angle of dip, the majority of events being concentrated at that conventional surface.</p><p>Detection of typical scopes of seismicity localization may prove critical for solution of problems of technogenic impact on fault zones for the purpose of partial stress release. The obtained results suggest that the region, wherein active deformation takes place during preparation of medium earthquakes (M≤6.5÷7.0), includes a number of local «strips», each about 100 m in width. The latter size is comparable to a scope of technogenic capabilities of producing an impact on geo-environment. It is hoped that studies of both fine spatial and temporal patterns of seismicity in the vicinity of fault zones will allow to find reliable pinpoints for definition of both place and time for implementation of technogenic impacts.</p><p>In our opinion, the implemented study demonstrates the burning need to establish test sites with dense and wellequipped local seismic networks in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>разломная зона</kwd><kwd>сейсмичность</kwd><kwd>землетрясение</kwd><kwd>эпицентр</kwd><kwd>гипоцентр</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fault zone</kwd><kwd>seismicity</kwd><kwd>earthquake</kwd><kwd>focus</kwd><kwd>hypocenter</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ, ОНЗ РАН</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Герасимова Т.И., Кондратьев В.Н., Кочарян Г.Г. Модельные исследования особенностей сдвигового деформирования трещин, содержащих заполнитель // Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых. – 1995. – № 4. – С. 61–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Герасимова Т.И., Кондратьев В.Н., Кочарян Г.Г. Модельные исследования особенностей сдвигового деформирования трещин, содержащих заполнитель // Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых. – 1995. – № 4. – С. 61–68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочарян Г.Г., Кулюкин А.М. Исследование закономерностей обрушения подземных выработок в горном массиве блочной структуры при динамическом воздействии. Ч. 2. О механических свойствах межблоковых промежутков // Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых. – 1994. – № 5. – С. 27–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кочарян Г.Г., Кулюкин А.М. Исследование закономерностей обрушения подземных выработок в горном массиве блочной структуры при динамическом воздействии. Ч. 2. О механических свойствах межблоковых промежутков // Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых. – 1994. – № 5. – С. 27–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочарян Г.Г., Спивак А.А. Динамика деформирования блочных массивов горных пород. – М.: ИКЦ «Академкнига», 2003. – 423 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кочарян Г.Г., Спивак А.А. Динамика деформирования блочных массивов горных пород. – М.: ИКЦ «Академкнига», 2003. – 423 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куксенко В.С. Модель перехода от микро- к макроразрушению твердых тел // Первая Всесоюзная школа-семинар «Физика прочности и пластичности»: Сборник докладов. – Л.: Наука, 1986. – С. 36–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Куксенко В.С. Модель перехода от микро- к макроразрушению твердых тел // Первая Всесоюзная школа-семинар «Физика прочности и пластичности»: Сборник докладов. – Л.: Наука, 1986. – С. 36–41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разломообразование в литосфере. Зоны сдвига / С.И. Шерман, К.Ж. Семинский, С.А. Борняков, В.Ю. Буддо, Р.М. Лобацкая, А.Н. Адамович, В.А. Трусков, А.А. Бабичев. − Новосибирск: Наука, 1991. – 261 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Разломообразование в литосфере. Зоны сдвига / С.И. Шерман, К.Ж. Семинский, С.А. Борняков, В.Ю. Буддо, Р.М. Лобацкая, А.Н. Адамович, В.А. Трусков, А.А. Бабичев. − Новосибирск: Наука, 1991. – 261 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разломообразование в литосфере. Зоны растяжения / С.И. Шерман, К.Ж. Семинский, С.А. Борняков, А.Н. Адамович, Р.М. Лобацкая, С.В. Лысак, К.Г. Леви. − Новосибирск: Наука, 1992. − 262 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Разломообразование в литосфере. Зоны растяжения / С.И. Шерман, К.Ж. Семинский, С.А. Борняков, А.Н. Адамович, Р.М. Лобацкая, С.В. Лысак, К.Г. Леви. − Новосибирск: Наука, 1992. − 262 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разломообразование в литосфере. Зоны сжатия / С.И. Шерман, К.Ж. Семинский, С.А. Борняков, А.Н. Адамович, В.Ю. Буддо. − Новосибирск: Наука, 1994. − 263 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Разломообразование в литосфере. Зоны сжатия / С.И. Шерман, К.Ж. Семинский, С.А. Борняков, А.Н. Адамович, В.Ю. Буддо. − Новосибирск: Наука, 1994. − 263 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рац М.В., Чернышев С.Н. Трещиноватость и свойства трещиноватых горных пород. – М.: Недра, 1970. – 160 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рац М.В., Чернышев С.Н. Трещиноватость и свойства трещиноватых горных пород. – М.: Недра, 1970. – 160 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ружич В.В., Шерман С.И. Оценка связи между длиной и амплитудой разрывных смещений // Динамика земной коры Восточной Сибири. – Новосибирск: Наука. СО, 1978. – С. 52–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ружич В.В., Шерман С.И. Оценка связи между длиной и амплитудой разрывных смещений // Динамика земной коры Восточной Сибири. – Новосибирск: Наука. СО, 1978. – С. 52–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семинский К.Ж. Внутренняя структура континентальных разломных зон. Тектонофизический аспект. – Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН, филиал «Гео», 2003. – 243 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Семинский К.Ж. Внутренняя структура континентальных разломных зон. Тектонофизический аспект. – Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН, филиал «Гео», 2003. – 243 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семинский К.Ж., Кожевников Н.О., Черемных А.В., Поспеева Е.В., Бобров А.А., Оленченко В.В., Тугарина М.А., Потапов В.В., Бурзунова Ю.П. Межблоковые зоны земной коры: внутренняя структура и геофизические поля // Триггерные эффекты в геосистемах. – М.: ГЕОС, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Семинский К.Ж., Кожевников Н.О., Черемных А.В., Поспеева Е.В., Бобров А.А., Оленченко В.В., Тугарина М.А., Потапов В.В., Бурзунова Ю.П. Межблоковые зоны земной коры: внутренняя структура и геофизические поля // Триггерные эффекты в геосистемах. – М.: ГЕОС, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шерман С.И. Физические закономерности развития разломов земной коры. – Новосибирск: Наука, 1977. – 103 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шерман С.И. Физические закономерности развития разломов земной коры. – Новосибирск: Наука, 1977. – 103 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шерман С.И., Борняков С.А., Буддо В.Ю. Области динамического влияния разломов (результаты моделирования). – Новосибирск, Наука. СО АН СССР, 1983. – 110 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шерман С.И., Борняков С.А., Буддо В.Ю. Области динамического влияния разломов (результаты моделирования). – Новосибирск, Наука. СО АН СССР, 1983. – 110 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beach A., Welbon A.I., Brockback P.J., McCallum J.E. Reservoir damage around faults: outcrop examples from the Suez rift // Petroleum Geosciences. – 1999. – V. 5, № 2. – P. 109–116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beach A., Welbon A.I., Brockback P.J., McCallum J.E. Reservoir damage around faults: outcrop examples from the Suez rift // Petroleum Geosciences. – 1999. – V. 5, № 2. – P. 109–116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bilham R., Whitehead S. Subsurface creep on the Hayward fault, Fremont, California // Geophysical Research Letters. – 1997. – V. 24. – P. 1307–1310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bilham R., Whitehead S. Subsurface creep on the Hayward fault, Fremont, California // Geophysical Research Letters. – 1997. – V. 24. – P. 1307–1310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blenkinsop T.G. Thickness-displacement relationships for deformation zones: discussion // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1989. – V. 11. – P. 1051–1054.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blenkinsop T.G. Thickness-displacement relationships for deformation zones: discussion // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1989. – V. 11. – P. 1051–1054.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boettcher M.S., McGarr A., Durrheim R.J., Spottiswoode S., Milev V., Linzer L., Johnston M.J.S., Sell R.W. A broadband, wide dynamic range investigation of earthquakes in deep South African gold mines // Seismological Research Letters. – 2008. – V. 79, № 2. – P. 311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boettcher M.S., McGarr A., Durrheim R.J., Spottiswoode S., Milev V., Linzer L., Johnston M.J.S., Sell R.W. A broadband, wide dynamic range investigation of earthquakes in deep South African gold mines // Seismological Research Letters. – 2008. – V. 79, № 2. – P. 311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouchaud E., Lapasset G., Planès J., Naveos S. Statistics of branched fracture surfaces // Physical Review B. – 1993. – V. 48, № 5. – 2917–2928. – doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.48.2917.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouchaud E., Lapasset G., Planès J., Naveos S. Statistics of branched fracture surfaces // Physical Review B. – 1993. – V. 48, № 5. – 2917–2928. – doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.48.2917.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bradbury K.K., Barton D.C., Solum J.G., Draper S.D., Evans J.P. Mineralogical and textural analysis of drill cuttings from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) boreholes: Initial interpretations of fault zone composition and constraints on geologic models // Geosphere. – 2007. – V. 3, № 5. – P. 299–318. – doi:10.1130/GES00076.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradbury K.K., Barton D.C., Solum J.G., Draper S.D., Evans J.P. Mineralogical and textural analysis of drill cuttings from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) boreholes: Initial interpretations of fault zone composition and constraints on geologic models // Geosphere. – 2007. – V. 3, № 5. – P. 299–318. – doi:10.1130/GES00076.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodsky E., Ma K.F., Mori J. et al. Rapid Response Drilling: Past, Present, and Future // ICDP/SCEC International Workshop of Rapid Response Fault Drilling. – Tokyo, 2009. – 30 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodsky E., Ma K.F., Mori J. et al. Rapid Response Drilling: Past, Present, and Future // ICDP/SCEC International Workshop of Rapid Response Fault Drilling. – Tokyo, 2009. – 30 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown S.R., Scholz C.H. Broad bandwidth study of the topography of natural rock surfaces // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1985. – V. 90, № B14. – P. 12575–12582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown S.R., Scholz C.H. Broad bandwidth study of the topography of natural rock surfaces // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1985. – V. 90, № B14. – P. 12575–12582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burford R.O., Harsh P.W. Slip on the San Andreas fault in Central California from alinement array surveys // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. – 1980. – V. 70. – P. 1233–1261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burford R.O., Harsh P.W. Slip on the San Andreas fault in Central California from alinement array surveys // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. – 1980. – V. 70. – P. 1233–1261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chester F.M., Chester J.S. Ultracataclasite structure and friction processes of the Punchbowl fault, San Andreas system, California // Tectonophysics. – 1998. – V. 295. – P. 199–221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chester F.M., Chester J.S. Ultracataclasite structure and friction processes of the Punchbowl fault, San Andreas system, California // Tectonophysics. – 1998. – V. 295. – P. 199–221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chester F.M., Chester J.S., Kirschner D.L., Schulz S.E., Evans J.P. Structure of large displacement strike-slip fault zones in the brittle continental crust // Rheology and Deformation in the Lithosphere at Continental Margins / Eds. G.D. Karner, B. Taylor, N.W. Driscoll, D.L. Kohlstedt. – New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chester F.M., Chester J.S., Kirschner D.L., Schulz S.E., Evans J.P. Structure of large displacement strike-slip fault zones in the brittle continental crust // Rheology and Deformation in the Lithosphere at Continental Margins / Eds. G.D. Karner, B. Taylor, N.W. Driscoll, D.L. Kohlstedt. – New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chester J.S., Chester F.M., Kronenberg A.K. Fracture surface energy of the Punchbowl fault, San Andreas system // Nature. – 2005. – V. 437. – P. 133–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chester J.S., Chester F.M., Kronenberg A.K. Fracture surface energy of the Punchbowl fault, San Andreas system // Nature. – 2005. – V. 437. – P. 133–136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chester F.M., Evans J.P., Biegel R.L. Internal structure and weakening mechanisms of the San Andreas fault // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1993. – V. 98. – P. 771–786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chester F.M., Evans J.P., Biegel R.L. Internal structure and weakening mechanisms of the San Andreas fault // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1993. – V. 98. – P. 771–786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cochran E.S., Li Y.-G., Shearer P.M., Barbot S., Fialko Y., Vidale J.E. Seismic and geodetic evidence for extensive, long-lived fault damage zones // Geology. – 2009. – V. 37, № 4. – P. 315–318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cochran E.S., Li Y.-G., Shearer P.M., Barbot S., Fialko Y., Vidale J.E. Seismic and geodetic evidence for extensive, long-lived fault damage zones // Geology. – 2009. – V. 37, № 4. – P. 315–318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornet F.H., Doan M.L., Moretti I., Borm G. Drilling through the active Aigion fault: The AIG10 well observatory // Comptes Rendus Geosciences. – 2004. – V. 336, № 4–5. – P. 395–406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornet F.H., Doan M.L., Moretti I., Borm G. Drilling through the active Aigion fault: The AIG10 well observatory // Comptes Rendus Geosciences. – 2004. – V. 336, № 4–5. – P. 395–406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowie P.A., Scholz C.H. Physical explanation for the displacementlength relationship of faults using a post-yield fracture mechanics model // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1992. – V. 14, № 10. – P. 1133–1148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cowie P.A., Scholz C.H. Physical explanation for the displacementlength relationship of faults using a post-yield fracture mechanics model // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1992. – V. 14, № 10. – P. 1133–1148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elliott D. The energy balance and deformation mechanisms of thrust sheets // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A. – 1976. – V. 203. – P. 289–312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elliott D. The energy balance and deformation mechanisms of thrust sheets // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A. – 1976. – V. 203. – P. 289–312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans J.P. Thickness-displacement relationships for fault zones // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1990. – V. 12. – P. 1061–1065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans J.P. Thickness-displacement relationships for fault zones // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1990. – V. 12. – P. 1061–1065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans J.P., Chester F.M. Fluid-rock interaction in faults of the San Andreas system: inferences from San Gabriel fault rock geochemistry and microstructures // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1995. – V. 100, № B7. – P. 13007–13020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans J.P., Chester F.M. Fluid-rock interaction in faults of the San Andreas system: inferences from San Gabriel fault rock geochemistry and microstructures // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1995. – V. 100, № B7. – P. 13007–13020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fossen H., Hesthammer J. Possible absence of small faults in the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea: implications for downscaling of faults in some porous sandstones // Journal of Structural Geology. – 2000. – V. 22, № 7. – P. 851–863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fossen H., Hesthammer J. Possible absence of small faults in the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea: implications for downscaling of faults in some porous sandstones // Journal of Structural Geology. – 2000. – V. 22, № 7. – P. 851–863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heermance R., Shipton Z.K., Evans J.P. Fault structure control on fault slip and ground motion during the 1999 rupture of the Chelungpu fault, Taiwan // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. – 2003. – V. 93, № 3. – P. 1034–1050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heermance R., Shipton Z.K., Evans J.P. Fault structure control on fault slip and ground motion during the 1999 rupture of the Chelungpu fault, Taiwan // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. – 2003. – V. 93, № 3. – P. 1034–1050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hull J. Thickness-displacement relationships for deformation zones // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1988. – V. 10. – P. 431–435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hull J. Thickness-displacement relationships for deformation zones // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1988. – V. 10. – P. 431–435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krantz R.W. Multiple fault sets and three-dimensional strain: theory and application // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1988. – V. 10. – P. 225–237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krantz R.W. Multiple fault sets and three-dimensional strain: theory and application // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1988. – V. 10. – P. 225–237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levi K.G., Sherman S.I. Applied geodynamic analysis. Musee Royal de L’Afrique Centrale – Tervuren, Belgique annales. Sciences Geologiques. 1995. V. 100. – 133 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levi K.G., Sherman S.I. Applied geodynamic analysis. Musee Royal de L’Afrique Centrale – Tervuren, Belgique annales. Sciences Geologiques. 1995. V. 100. – 133 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y.G., Vidale J.E., Aki K., Fei X. Depth dependent structure of the Landers fault zone from trapped waves generated by aftershocks // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 2000. – V.105, № B3. – P. 6237–6254. – doi:10.1029/1999JB900449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y.G., Vidale J.E., Aki K., Fei X. Depth dependent structure of the Landers fault zone from trapped waves generated by aftershocks // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 2000. – V.105, № B3. – P. 6237–6254. – doi:10.1029/1999JB900449.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y.G., Vidale J.E., Cochran E.S. Low-velocity damaged structure of the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield from fault zone trapped waves // Geophysical Research Letters. – 2004. – V. 31. – L12S06. – doi:10.1029/2003GL019044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y.G., Vidale J.E., Cochran E.S. Low-velocity damaged structure of the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield from fault zone trapped waves // Geophysical Research Letters. – 2004. – V. 31. – L12S06. – doi:10.1029/2003GL019044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lienkaemper J.J., Borchardt G., Lisowski M. Historic creep rate and potential for seismic slip along the Hayward fault, California // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1991. – V. 96, № B11. – P. 18261–18283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lienkaemper J.J., Borchardt G., Lisowski M. Historic creep rate and potential for seismic slip along the Hayward fault, California // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1991. – V. 96, № B11. – P. 18261–18283.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma K.F., Tanaka H., Song S.R., Wang C.Y., Hung J.H., Tsai Y.B., Mori J., Song Y.F., Yeh E.C., Soh W., Sone H., Kuo L.W., Wu H.Y. Slip zone and energetics of a large earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project // Nature. – 2006. – V. 444. – P. 473–476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma K.F., Tanaka H., Song S.R., Wang C.Y., Hung J.H., Tsai Y.B., Mori J., Song Y.F., Yeh E.C., Soh W., Sone H., Kuo L.W., Wu H.Y. Slip zone and energetics of a large earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project // Nature. – 2006. – V. 444. – P. 473–476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell T.M., Faulkner D.R. The nature and origin of off-fault damage surrounding strike-slip fault zones with a wide range of displacements: A field study from the Atacama fault system, Northern Chile // Journal of Structural Geology. – 2009. – V. 31. – P. 802–816.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell T.M., Faulkner D.R. The nature and origin of off-fault damage surrounding strike-slip fault zones with a wide range of displacements: A field study from the Atacama fault system, Northern Chile // Journal of Structural Geology. – 2009. – V. 31. – P. 802–816.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muraoka H., Kamata H. Displacement distribution along minor fault traces // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1983. – V. 5. – P. 483–495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muraoka H., Kamata H. Displacement distribution along minor fault traces // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1983. – V. 5. – P. 483–495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niu F.L., Silver P.G., Daley T.M., Cheng X., Majer E.L. Preseismic velocity changes observed from active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site // Nature. – 2008. – V. 454. – P. 204– 208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niu F.L., Silver P.G., Daley T.M., Cheng X., Majer E.L. Preseismic velocity changes observed from active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site // Nature. – 2008. – V. 454. – P. 204– 208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otsuki K. On the relationship between the width of shear zone and the displacement along fault // Journal of the Geological Society of Japan. – 1978. – V. 84. – P. 661–669.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otsuki K. On the relationship between the width of shear zone and the displacement along fault // Journal of the Geological Society of Japan. – 1978. – V. 84. – P. 661–669.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peacock D.C.P., Sanderson D.J. Displacement and segment linkage and relay ramps in normal fault zones // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1991. – V. 13. – P. 721–733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peacock D.C.P., Sanderson D.J. Displacement and segment linkage and relay ramps in normal fault zones // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1991. – V. 13. – P. 721–733.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Power W.L., Tullis T.E. Euclidean and fractal models for the description of rock surface-roughness // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1991. – V. 96. – P. 415–424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Power W.L., Tullis T.E. Euclidean and fractal models for the description of rock surface-roughness // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1991. – V. 96. – P. 415–424.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Power W.L., Tullis T.E., Brown S.R., Boitnott G.N., Scholz C.H. Roughness of natural fault surfaces // Geophysical Research Letters. – 1987. – V. 14. – P. 29–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Power W.L., Tullis T.E., Brown S.R., Boitnott G.N., Scholz C.H. Roughness of natural fault surfaces // Geophysical Research Letters. – 1987. – V. 14. – P. 29–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson E.C. Relationship of fault displacement to gouge and breccia thickness // Mining Engineering. – 1983. – V. 35, № 10. – P. 1426–1432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson E.C. Relationship of fault displacement to gouge and breccia thickness // Mining Engineering. – 1983. – V. 35, № 10. – P. 1426–1432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubin A.M., Gillard D., Got J.L. Streaks of microearthquakes along creeping faults // Nature. – 1999. – V. 400. – P. 635–641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubin A.M., Gillard D., Got J.L. Streaks of microearthquakes along creeping faults // Nature. – 1999. – V. 400. – P. 635–641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sagy A., Brodsky E.E. Geometric and rheological asperities in an exposed fault zone // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 2009. – V. 114. – B02301. – doi:10.1029/2008JB005701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sagy A., Brodsky E.E. Geometric and rheological asperities in an exposed fault zone // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 2009. – V. 114. – B02301. – doi:10.1029/2008JB005701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savage H.M., Brodsky E.E. Collateral damage: Capturing Slip Delocalization in Fracture Profiles // Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research. 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savage H.M., Brodsky E.E. Collateral damage: Capturing Slip Delocalization in Fracture Profiles // Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research. 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholz C.H. Wear and gouge formation in brittle faulting // Geology. – 1987. – V. 15. – P. 493–495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholz C.H. Wear and gouge formation in brittle faulting // Geology. – 1987. – V. 15. – P. 493–495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholz C.H. The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. – 496 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholz C.H. The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. – 496 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulz S.E., Evans J.P. Mesoscopic structure of the Punchbowl Fault, Southern California and the geologic and geophysical structure of active strike-slip faults // Journal of Structural Geology. – 2000. – V. 22. – P. 913–930.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulz S.E., Evans J.P. Mesoscopic structure of the Punchbowl Fault, Southern California and the geologic and geophysical structure of active strike-slip faults // Journal of Structural Geology. – 2000. – V. 22. – P. 913–930.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Segall P., Pollard D.D. Nucleation and growth of strike slip faults in granite // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1983. – V. 88. – P. 555–568.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Segall P., Pollard D.D. Nucleation and growth of strike slip faults in granite // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 1983. – V. 88. – P. 555–568.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shipton Z.K., Cowie P.A. Damage zone and slip-surface evolution over μm to km scales in high-porosity Navajo sandstone, Utah // Journal of Structural Geology. – 2001. – V. 23, № 12. – P. 1825– 1844.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shipton Z.K., Cowie P.A. Damage zone and slip-surface evolution over μm to km scales in high-porosity Navajo sandstone, Utah // Journal of Structural Geology. – 2001. – V. 23, № 12. – P. 1825– 1844.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shipton Z.K., Evans J.P., Abercrombie R.E., Brodsky E.E. The missing sinks: slip localization in faults, damage zones, and the seismic energy budget // Earthquakes: Radiated Energy and the Physics of Faulting / Ed. R. Abercrombie. – Washington, DC: AGU, 2006a. – P. 217–222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shipton Z.K., Evans J.P., Abercrombie R.E., Brodsky E.E. The missing sinks: slip localization in faults, damage zones, and the seismic energy budget // Earthquakes: Radiated Energy and the Physics of Faulting / Ed. R. Abercrombie. – Washington, DC: AGU, 2006a. – P. 217–222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shipton Z.K., Soden A.M., Kirkpatrick J.D., Bright A.M., Lunn R.J. How thick is a fault? Fault displacement-thickness scaling revisited // Earthquakes: Radiated Energy and the Physics of Faulting / Ed. R. Abercrombie. – Washington, DC: AGU, 2006b. – P. 193–198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shipton Z.K., Soden A.M., Kirkpatrick J.D., Bright A.M., Lunn R.J. How thick is a fault? Fault displacement-thickness scaling revisited // Earthquakes: Radiated Energy and the Physics of Faulting / Ed. R. Abercrombie. – Washington, DC: AGU, 2006b. – P. 193–198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sibson R.S. Thickness of the seismic slip zone // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. – 2003. – V. 93, № 3. – P. 1169–1178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibson R.S. Thickness of the seismic slip zone // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. – 2003. – V. 93, № 3. – P. 1169–1178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka H., Fujimoto K., Ohtani T., Ito H. Structural and chemical characterization of shear zones in the freshly activated Nojima fault, Awaji Island, Southwest Japan // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 2001. – V. 106, № B5. – P. 8789–8810.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka H., Fujimoto K., Ohtani T., Ito H. Structural and chemical characterization of shear zones in the freshly activated Nojima fault, Awaji Island, Southwest Japan // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 2001. – V. 106, № B5. – P. 8789–8810.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villemin T., Angelier J., Sunwoo C. Fractal distribution of fault length and offsets: Implications of brittle deformation evaluation – the Lorraine Coal Basin // Fractals in the Earth Sciences / Eds. C. Barton, P. LaPointe. – New York: Plenum Press, 1995. – P. 205–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villemin T., Angelier J., Sunwoo C. Fractal distribution of fault length and offsets: Implications of brittle deformation evaluation – the Lorraine Coal Basin // Fractals in the Earth Sciences / Eds. C. Barton, P. LaPointe. – New York: Plenum Press, 1995. – P. 205–226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waldhauser F., Richards P.G. Reference Events for Regional Seismic Phases at IMS Stations in China // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. – 2004. – V. 94, № 6. – P. 2265–2279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waldhauser F., Richards P.G. Reference Events for Regional Seismic Phases at IMS Stations in China // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. – 2004. – V. 94, № 6. – P. 2265–2279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waldhauser F., Schaff D.P. Large-scale relocation of two decades of Northern California seismicity using cross-correlation and doubledifference methods // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 2008. – Vol. 113. – B08311. – doi:10.1029/2007JB005479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waldhauser F., Schaff D.P. Large-scale relocation of two decades of Northern California seismicity using cross-correlation and doubledifference methods // Journal of Geophysical Research. – 2008. – Vol. 113. – B08311. – doi:10.1029/2007JB005479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh J.J., Watterson J. Distribution of cumulative displacement and of seismic slip on a single normal fault surface // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1987. – V. 9. – P. 1039–1046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh J.J., Watterson J. Distribution of cumulative displacement and of seismic slip on a single normal fault surface // Journal of Structural Geology. – 1987. – V. 9. – P. 1039–1046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watterson J. Fault dimensions, displacements and growth // Pure and Applied Geophysics. – 1986. – V. 124. – P. 366–373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watterson J. Fault dimensions, displacements and growth // Pure and Applied Geophysics. – 1986. – V. 124. – P. 366–373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zoback M.D., Hickman S., Ellsworth W.L. In situ fault zone observations from SAFOD, EarthScope Onsite Newsletter, winter. – Available at http://www.earthscope.org/es_doc/onsite/onsite_winter08.pdf).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zoback M.D., Hickman S., Ellsworth W.L. In situ fault zone observations from SAFOD, EarthScope Onsite Newsletter, winter. – Available at http://www.earthscope.org/es_doc/onsite/onsite_winter08.pdf).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
