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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gtcrust</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геодинамика и тектонофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2078-502X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of the Earth's crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5800/GT-2020-11-3-0489</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gtcrust-1084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕКТОНОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECTONOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности структурообразования в процессе развития литосферы Аденского залива (физическое моделирование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Specific features of structure formation during the development of the lithosphere of the Gulf of Aden (physical modeling)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубинин</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubinin</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny P. Dubinin.1 Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">edubinin08@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грохольский</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grokholsky</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119991.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Музей землеведения Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Earth Science Museum, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>522</fpage><lpage>547</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дубинин Е.П., Грохольский А.Л., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дубинин Е.П., Грохольский А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dubinin E.P., Grokholsky A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/1084">https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/1084</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены особенности тектонического строения бассейна Аденского залива, включающего три различные провинции: восточную, центральную и западную. Различие в морфоструктурной сегментации спредингового хребта Аденского залива отражает разный геодинамический режим формирования и развития этих провинций.</p><p>С помощью физического моделирования исследованы механизмы сегментации зоны спрединга в западной, центральной и восточной части Аденского залива, а также условия формирования краевого плато и о. Сокотра. В экспериментах плита с упругопластическими свойствами, лежащая на жидком основании, подвергалась нормальному или косому растяжению. Участки плиты, имитирующие в модели континентальную или океаническую литосферу, имели разную толщину. В них в соответствии с природными обстановками задавались различные неоднородности: разрезы, линейные ослабленные зоны (зоны прогрева рифта) и др. Результаты экспериментов показали, что характер морфоструктурной сегментации оси спрединга в районе Аденского залива зависит от степени прогретости мантии и толщины литосферы, связанной с разной удаленностью от Афарского плюма и локальными термическими аномалиями, от косости спрединга и существования структурных неоднородностей с повышенной прочностью литосферы, обусловленных в данном случае наличием серии мезозойских грабенов на дораскольном фундаменте. Чем меньше мощность литосферы, тем меньше размеры сегментов; чем острее угол, тем более выражена сегментация. Исследование условий соединения континентального рифта Аденского залива с рифтовой зоной спредингового хребта Карлсберг показало, что, по всей видимости, рифты развивались посредством их продвижения навстречу друг другу. Эксперименты показали, что в случае «резкой» границы между блоками разной толщины, вероятнее всего, возникнет сдвиговая зона. Эта ситуация применима, например, к разлому Алула-Фартак или к разлому Оуэн. В случае менее «резкой» границы часто формируются структуры перекрытия, представляющие собой микроплиты, или микроблоки, заключенные между двумя рифтами, один из которых в дальнейшем отмирает, а другой развивается в спрединговый хребет. Таким микроблоком, видимо, является краевое плато и о. Сокотра. Как показало моделирование, при формировании плато и о. Сокотра важную роль играет встречное продвижение двух рифтов, причем существенное значение имеет первоначальная геометрия рифтовых зон и их разнос относительно друг друга.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study was focused on the tectonic structure features of the Gulf of Aden, which includes three provinces. The western, central and eastern provinces differ in morphostructural segmentation of the spreading ridge of the Gulf of Aden, which took place in different geodynamic regimes of their formation and development. In our study, physical modeling was performed to investigate the segmentation mechanisms of the three parts and the formation of the marginal plateau and the island of Socotral. In experiments, an elastic-plastic plate lying on a liquid base (simulating melt) was subjected to normal or oblique stretchig. Plate sections imitating the continental or oceanic lithosphere in the model had different thicknesses. Various heterogeneities, such as cuts, linear weakened zones (rift heating zones) etc., were set in the plate sections in accordance with natural analogues. The modeling results show that morphostructural segmentation of the spreading axis in the Gulf of Aden depends on the degree of heating and the thickness of the lithosphere, associated with different distances from the Afar plume and local thermal anomalies, spreading obliquity and the existence of structural inhomogeneities with increased lithosphere strength, which are associated in this case with the presence of Mesozoic grabens on the pre-breakup basement. The smaller is the lithosphere thickness, the smaller is the size of the segments. The sharper is the angle, the more pronounced is segmentation.</p><p>The study of the connection of the Gulf of Aden continental rift with the rift zone of the Carlsberg ridge suggests that during their development, these rift fractures propagated towards each other. The experiment results show that in case of a «sharp» boundary between blocks that differ in thickness, a shear zone is likely to occur. Such a case is applicable, for example, to the Alula-Fartak fracture zone, or to Owen’s fracture zone. With a less ‘sharp’ boundary, overlapping structures are often formed, such as microplates or microblocks enclosed between two rift fissures. In such case, one microblock then dies, while the other develops into a spreading ridge. Apparently, such a microblock is represented by the marginal plateau and the island of Sokotra. As shown by the modeling, propagation of the two rifts towards each other was important for the formation of the plateau and the island of Socotra. Moreover, a significant role was played by the initial geometry of the rift zones and their initial positioning separate from each other.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Аденский залив</kwd><kwd>о. Сокотра</kwd><kwd>рифтинг</kwd><kwd>спрединговый хребет</kwd><kwd>пассивная окраина</kwd><kwd>физическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>структурообразование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gulf of Aden</kwd><kwd>Socotra</kwd><kwd>rifting</kwd><kwd>spreading ridge</kwd><kwd>passive margin</kwd><kwd>physical modeling</kwd><kwd>structure formation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ (проект № 18-05-00378).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 18-05-00378).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agostini A., Bonini M., Corti G., Sani F., Mazzarini F., 2011. 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